?事學

?事學 （ ?? ： zeoi 6 si 6 hok 6 ；英文： narratology ）係一個專門?究故仔－? 人文社會科學領域：人文社科?究人類? 文化同社會，而故仔?樣??人類文化當中無處不在，好多?文化?物－包括用?傳承先人智慧?口傳故仔、好多? 文學作品、漫? 、電影、同好多? 舞台藝術（例如大? 同芭?舞 ?）－當中都有故仔?入面，所以故仔? 元素同結構以及「人類點樣傳達故仔」等課題對於了解人類文化以至社會?講相當重要 ^[1]。

?事學正正就係?究??問題?一個領域。?事學家會由文學同電影等?文化?物?度觀察人類作?故仔，?且嘗試?出故仔當中存在?普遍規律（好似係對橋段 ?學術思考 ^[2]）同????規律對了解人類?講?到???示 ^[1]。

基本定義 [ 編輯 ]

?事學?究故仔，所以首先要對「故仔」?個詞有明確? 定義。一般?講，故仔??事學上係指一連串彼此之間有關連?事件，「故仔」指?係?事件本身，而?係表達串事件?媒介－一串用?講故仔?文字同個故仔本身係兩樣? ^[3]。

對於「故仔」?定義，有 ?事學家 ?樣講 ^[3]：

「

原版英文："Narrative is a perceived sequence of non-randomly connected events, typically involving, as the experiencing agonist, humans or quasi-humans, or other sentient beings, from whose experience we human can learn."

?文?譯：?事體係被（讀者觀?）感知到?連串非隨機 ?相關事件，通常包括人類、類似人類?生物、或者第?有感覺?存在作?經驗（?事件）?主動體，而我?人類能?由??經驗當中學習。

」

連串性 （sequentiality）同事件之間? 關連性 （connectedness）一般??事學界認?係故仔必要有?性質：想像一串文字，?述?一?事件，?事件彼此之間有關連、但完全?知邊件先邊件後（缺乏連串性），讀者?會能?慢慢?感受事態發展或者變化；而如果有一串文字，?述一?有明顯先後，但彼此之間完全?因果關係、??更?事件（缺乏關連性），讀者一樣會感受?到事態發展或者變化－透過感知一?事件?想像事態發展或者變化係故仔?核心特徵 ^[4]。

?埋 [ 編輯 ]

參考文獻 [ 編輯 ]

Phelan, James. Experiencing Fiction: Judgments, Progressions, and the Rhetorical Theory of Narrative . Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2007.
Phelan, James. Living To Tell About It: A Rhetoric and Ethics of Character Narration . Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.
Phelan, James. Narrative as Rhetoric: Technique, Audiences, Ethics, Ideology . Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1996.
Phelan, James. Reading People, Reading Plots: Character, Progression, and the Interpretation of Narrative . Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.
Phelan, James, ed. Reading Narrative: Form, Ethics, Ideology . Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1989.
Phelan, James, David Herman, and Brian McHale, eds. Teaching Narrative Theory . New York: MLA Publications, 2010.
Phelan, James, and Peter J. Rabinowitz. A Companion to Narrative Theory . Malden: Blackwell, 2005.
Phelan, James, and Peter J. Rabinowitz. Understanding Narrative . Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1994.

攷 [ 編輯 ]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Prince, G. (2003). A dictionary of narratology . U of Nebraska Press.
↑ Carnell, R. (2014). Eliza Haywood and the Narratological Tropes of Secret History. Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies , 14(4), 101-121.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Toolan, M. (2001). Narrative: A Critical Linguistic Introduction . Interface. London: Routledge. p. 2.
↑ Sternberg, M., 2010. Narrativity: from objectivist to functional paradigm. Poetics Today , 31, 507?659.

? [ 編輯 ]

"Musical Narratology" by William Echard, review of A Theory of Musical Semiotics by Eero Tarasti, foreword by Thomas A. Sebeok.
The Narrative Act: Wittgenstein and Narratology by Henry McDonald.
Story-Systems .
Narrative theory bibliography (A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology).
Narratology: A Guide to the Theory of Narrative by Manfred Jahn.
Five Analyses of the Narrative "I First Got Paid" .
The Living Handbook of Narratology .
Narratology: The Study of Story Structure .

[prince2003-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Prince, G. (2003). A dictionary of narratology . U of Nebraska Press.

[2] Carnell, R. (2014). Eliza Haywood and the Narratological Tropes of Secret History. Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies , 14(4), 101-121.

[toolan2001-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Toolan, M. (2001). Narrative: A Critical Linguistic Introduction . Interface. London: Routledge. p. 2.

[4] Sternberg, M., 2010. Narrativity: from objectivist to functional paradigm. Poetics Today , 31, 507?659.

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