Luigi Lambruschini
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Cardinal
, b. at Sestri Levante, near
Genoa
, 6 March, 1776, d. at
Rome
, 12 May, 1854. As a youth he entered the Order of the
Barnabites
, in which he held many important offices. On account of his learning he was made consultor of several
Roman Congregations
, and in 1815 accompanied
Cardinal Consalvi
to the Congress of
Vienna
in the capacity of secretary. After his return to
Rome
he was made secretary of the Congregation of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, then recently instituted by
Pius VII
, and thus took a great part in concluding
concordats
with various states, especially with
Naples
and
Bavaria
. In 1819 he was appointed
Archbishop
of
Genoa
and governed the archdiocese with
prudence
and
zeal
. His eloquent sermons attracted large audiences, and his pastoral letters exhibit much spiritual unction. In 1827
Leo XII
sent him as
nuncio
to
Paris
, but the Revolution of July, 1830, compelled him to interrupt his mission. On his return to
Rome
he was made a
cardinal
(1831) by
Gregory XVI
, who, on the resignation of Cardinal Bernetti, appointed Lambruschini Secretary of State. This appointment aroused much discontent among the Romans, but it was soon evident that Lambruschini was the proper man for the post. His character and disposition accorded perfectly with those of the
pope
: in the ecclesiastico-political relations with other nations both were persuaded that it was time to abandon the conciliatory policy inaugurated by
Benedict XIV
, a conviction that was soon justified by events. The occasion was the Cologne question, which had arisen in 1837 out of the
imprisonment
of
Mgr. Droste-Vischering
,
Archbishop
of
Cologne
. The diplomatic documents exchanged at this time between the
Holy See
and the
Prussian
Government, and published in 1838, are models of clear exposition, close argument, and elegant form. Görres described the series as a "calm, vigorous, masculine, and substantial polemic". Lambruschini's firm stand caused the recall of Bunsen, the.
Prussian
minister at
Rome
. Next to
Consalvi
and
Pacca
, Lambruschini was among the greatest diplomats of the
Holy See
in the nineteenth century. As regards the internal policy of the
Pontifical States
, he, like
Gregory XVI
, was opposed to the constitutional form, and certainly, if we consider the arrogance of
Liberalism
under
Gregory
, neither the
pope
nor his secretary can be charged with serious
error
.
In the first ballot of the
conclave
of 1846, Lambruschini received a majority of the votes, but not enough for election. When
Pius IX
was chosen, Lambruschini recognized that he could not follow the policy of the new
pope
, who favored constitutionalism. He accordingly resigned his office for that of secretary of Briefs, and later that of prefect of rites. In the Revolution of 1848 he was the object of especial
hatred
; his dwelling was plundered, his bed cut to pieces with daggers, and he himself was scarcely able, disguised as a stableman, to join
Pius IX
at
Gaeta
. As the Suburbicarian
Bishop
of
Porto and Santa Rufina
he restored the
cathedral
of Porto. He was also commendatory
Abbot
of
Farfa
, where he founded a
seminary
. He was
buried
in the
college
of the
Barnabites
at Catinari, where he had spent a great part of his
religious life
. He published "Opere spirituali" in three volumes (Rome, 1838) and later a small work in defense of the Immaculate Conception.
Giambattista Lambruschini
Brother of the preceding, d. at
Orvieto
, 24 Nov., 1826. He was
vicar-general
of
Genoa
, whence he was expelled by
Napoleon
in 1800, when he went to
Rome
. Appointed
Bishop
of
Orvieto
in 1807, he was deported to
France
for not taking the
oath
. In 1814 he returned to
Orvieto
.
Raffaele Lambruschini
Nephew of Luigi and Giambattista, b. at
Genoa
, 14 August, 1788; d. 8 March, 1873, at Figline in
Tuscany
. As a
priest
he was first with his uncle Giambattista at
Orvieto
. Being suspected of Liberal
ideas
, he returned to Figline, where he devoted himself to the natural
sciences
, especially agriculture, and in 1827 founded the "Giornale Agrario Toscano". He also established an
educational institution
, and published (1836-44) the "Guida dell' educatore", as well as several pedagogical and scholastic works. In 1848 he was elected to the Parliament of the republic, and in 1860 was appointed senator of the realm. He was also consul of the Accademia della Crusca and (1868-69) professor at the Institute of Higher Studies at Florence.
Sources
SCHLECHT in Kirchliches Handlexikon (Munich, 1907), s.v.; BROSCH, Gesch. des Kirchenstaats, II (1883).
About this page
APA citation.
Benigni, U.
(1910).
Luigi Lambruschini.
In
The Catholic Encyclopedia.
New York: Robert Appleton Company.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08760b.htm
MLA citation.
Benigni, Umberto.
"Luigi Lambruschini."
The Catholic Encyclopedia.
Vol. 8.
New York: Robert Appleton Company,
1910.
<http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08760b.htm>.
Transcription.
This article was transcribed for New Advent by Joseph E. O'Connor.
Ecclesiastical approbation.
Nihil Obstat.
October 1, 1910. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor.
Imprimatur.
+John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
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