Joko Widodo
(born June 21, 1961, Surakarta,
Central Java
, Indonesia) is an Indonesian businessman, politician, and government official who served as governor of
Jakarta
(2012?14) and as president of
Indonesia
(2014? ). Joko Widodo, commonly called Jokowi, who attracted international attention with his
populist
style of campaigning and his anticorruption platform, became the first Indonesian president who did not have a military background or belong to one of the country’s prominent political families. His success at the polls was viewed by many analysts as marking the beginning of a new, more democratic era of Indonesian politics.
Jokowi was born and raised in
Surakarta
, a city in the centre of
Java
northeast of
Yogyakarta
. His father was a wood seller who plied his trade in the city’s streets, and throughout much of Jokowi’s childhood he and his family lived in illegally built shacks near the city’s flood-prone
Solo River
. Later, when he entered politics, his populist appeal was rooted in part to those humble beginnings.
Jokowi applied himself at school and won admittance to Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta, from which he graduated (1985) with a degree in forestry engineering. For several years he worked for a state-owned pulp mill in the
Aceh
region of northern
Sumatra
, and he later established his own furniture factory in Surakarta. By 2002 he had become a highly successful furniture exporter, with showrooms on several continents, as well as chairman of a local branch of the country’s influential furniture manufacturers’ association.
In 2005 Jokowi, as a member of the
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
(Partai Demokrasi Indonesia-Perjuangan; PDI-P), won election as mayor of Surakarta?the first person to be directly elected to that post. He was extraordinarily effective in reducing crime and attracting foreign tourists to the city. His habit of making spontaneous visits to poor neighbourhoods and his refusal to accept a salary for his public service contributed to his reputation for humility and honesty. In 2010 Jokowi was reelected mayor with more than 90 percent of the vote. He was later ranked as the third best mayor in the world by the international City Mayors Foundation. During his gubernatorial run in Jakarta in 2012, Jokowi began to be widely compared in the media to U.S. President
Barack Obama
, in part because there was a physical resemblance but also because Jokowi largely fit the Obama mold as a
charismatic
nontraditional politician. Jokowi ousted the incumbent, Fauzi Bowo, in the second round of that election, and, as governor of Jakarta, he launched programs aimed at improving Jakartans’ access to health care and education.
In 2014 the PDI-P selected Jokowi to be its candidate for the Indonesian presidential election, which was held on July 9. He was swept to victory with more than 53 percent of the popular vote, defeating former general Prabowo Subianto. Though Subianto
alleged
that there had been widespread vote rigging and formally challenged the election result, the country’s
Constitutional
Court unanimously rejected his claim in August, clearing the way for Jokowi to take office on October 20. As Jokowi entered the presidency, he identified clamping-down on corruption as among his top priorities and as a necessary step to attract more
foreign direct investment
to the country. He also pushed a nine-point plan for Indonesia that emphasized helping the poor by improving public services,
implementing
land reforms, and developing more-affordable housing, among other measures.