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Table of Contents (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
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Table of Contents
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
A
abduction
(Igor Douven)
Abelard [Abailard], Peter
(Peter King and Andrew Arlig)
Abhidharma
(Noa Ronkin)
abilities
(John Maier)
Abner of Burgos
(Shalom Sadik)
Abrabanel, Judah
(Aaron Hughes)
abstract objects
(José L. Falguera, Concha Martínez-Vidal, and Gideon Rosen)
accidental properties — see
essential vs. accidental properties
action
(Juan S. Piñeros Glasscock and Sergio Tenenbaum)
joint — see
agency: shared
logic of — see
logic: action
action-based theories of perception
(Robert Briscoe, Rick Grush, and Alison Springle)
action at a distance — see
quantum mechanics: action at a distance in
actualism — see
possibilism-actualism debate
actualism and possibilism in ethics
(Travis Timmerman and Yishai Cohen)
adaptationism
(Steven Hecht Orzack and Patrick Forber)
Addams, Jane
(Maurice Hamington)
Adorno, Theodor W.
(Lambert Zuidervaart)
advance directives
(Agnieszka Jaworska)
Aegidius Romanus — see
Giles of Rome
Aenesidemus — see
skepticism: ancient
aesthetic, concept of the
(James Shelley)
aesthetic experience
(Antonia Peacocke)
aesthetics
19th Century Romantic
(Keren Gorodeisky)
aesthetic judgment
(Nick Zangwill)
Beardsley — see
Beardsley, Monroe C.: aesthetics
British, in the 18th century
(James Shelley)
and cognitive science
(Jon Robson and Gregory Currie)
Collingwood — see
Collingwood, Robin George: aesthetics
Croce — see
Croce, Benedetto: aesthetics
cultural appropriation — see
cultural heritage, ethics of
definition of art — see
art, definition of
Dewey — see
Dewey, John: aesthetics
environmental
(Allen Carlson)
existentialist
(Jean-Philippe Deranty)
feminist — see
feminist philosophy, interventions: aesthetics
French, in the 18th century
(Jennifer Tsien and Jacques Morizot)
Gadamer — see
Gadamer, Hans-Georg: aesthetics
German, in the 18th century
(Paul Guyer)
Goodman — see
Goodman, Nelson: aesthetics
Hegel — see
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: aesthetics
Heidegger — see
Heidegger, Martin: aesthetics
Hume — see
Hume, David: aesthetics
Japanese — see
Japanese Philosophy: aesthetics
Plato — see
Plato: aesthetics
Schopenhauer — see
Schopenhauer, Arthur: aesthetics
Wittgenstein — see
Wittgenstein, Ludwig: aesthetics
aesthetics of the everyday
(Yuriko Saito)
aesthetic testimony
(Jon Robson and Rebecca Wallbank)
aesthetic value — see
aesthetic, concept of the
affirmative action
(Robert Fullinwider)
Africana Philosophy
(Lucius T. Outlaw Jr. and Chike Jeffers)
contemporary
(Paul C. Taylor)
African Philosophy
ethics
(Kwame Gyekye)
sage philosophy
(Dismas Masolo)
afterlife
(William Hasker and Charles Taliaferro)
agency
(Markus Schlosser)
shared
(Abraham Sesshu Roth)
agent-based modeling in philosophy of science — see
modeling in the philosophy of science, agent-based
agent-relative vs. agent-neutral reasons — see
reasons for action: agent-neutral vs. agent-relative
agnosticism and atheism — see
atheism and agnosticism
Agrippa — see
skepticism: ancient
Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius
(Vittoria Perrone Compagni)
Akan Philosophy
of the person
(Ajume Wingo)
akrasia
— see
weakness of will
al-Baghdadi, ‘Abd al-Latif
(Cecilia Martini Bonadeo)
al-Farabi
(Therese-Anne Druart)
metaphysics
(Stephen Menn)
philosophy of logic and language
(Wilfrid Hodges and Therese-Anne Druart)
philosophy of society and religion
(Nadja Germann)
psychology and epistemology
(Luis Xavier López-Farjeat)
al-Ghazali
(Frank Griffel)
al-Kindi
(Peter Adamson)
al-Razi, Abu Bakr
(Peter Adamson)
al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din
(Peter Adamson and Fedor Benevich)
Albalag, Isaac
(Bakinaz Abdalla)
Albert of Saxony
(Joél Biard)
Albert the Great [= Albertus magnus]
(Markus Führer)
Albo, Joseph
(Dror Ehrlich and Shira Weiss)
Alcmaeon
(Carl Huffman)
Alexander, Samuel
(Emily A. E. Thomas)
Alexander of Aphrodisias
(Dorothea Frede and Marije Martijn)
algebra
(Vaughan Pratt)
algebra of logic tradition
(Stanley Burris and Javier Legris)
alienation
(David Leopold)
Althusser, Louis
(William Lewis)
altruism
(Richard Kraut)
biological
(Samir Okasha)
empirical approaches
(John Doris, Stephen Stich, and Lachlan Walmsley)
Alyngton, Robert
(Alessandro Conti)
ambiguity
(Adam Sennet)
Ammonius
(David Blank)
Ammonius Saccas — see
Plotinus
analogy
medieval theories of
(E. Jennifer Ashworth and Domenic D’Ettore)
analogy and analogical reasoning
(Paul Bartha)
analysis
(Michael Beaney)
analytic/synthetic distinction
(Georges Rey)
anaphora
(Jeffrey C. King and Karen S. Lewis)
anarchism
(Andrew Fiala)
Anaxagoras
(Patricia Curd)
Anaxarchus — see
Pyrrho
Anderson, John
(Creagh McLean Cole)
Andronicus of Rhodes — see
Aristotle, commentators on
animal
cognition
(Kristin Andrews and Susana Monsó)
consciousness
(Colin Allen and Michael Trestman)
animalism
(Stephan Blatti)
animals, moral status of
(Lori Gruen)
anomalous monism
(Steven Yalowitz)
Anscombe, Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret
(Eric Wiland and Julia Driver)
Anselm of Canterbury [Anselm of Bec]
(Thomas Williams)
anti-realism, moral — see
moral anti-realism
Antiochus of Ascalon
(James Allen)
a posteriori
knowledge — see
a priori
justification and knowledge
appearance vs. reality
epistemological problems of perception — see
perception: epistemological problems of
skepticism — see
skepticism
a priori
justification and knowledge
(Bruce Russell)
Aquinas, Thomas
(Robert Pasnau)
moral, political, and legal philosophy
(John Finnis)
Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, disciplines in
metaphysics
(Amos Bertolacci)
natural philosophy and natural science
(Jon McGinnis)
philosophy of language and logic
(Tony Street and Nadja Germann)
philosophy of mathematics
(Mohammad Saleh Zarepour)
philosophy of religion
(Jon McGinnis and Rahim Acar)
psychology and philosophy of mind
(Alfred Ivry)
Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, historical and methodological topics in
Greek sources
(Cristina D’Ancona)
influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on Judaic thought
(Mauro Zonta and Charles Manekin)
influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on the Latin West
(Dag Nikolaus Hasse)
Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, special topics in
Ibn Kammūna — see
Ibn Kammūna
Ikhwân al-Safâ’ — see
Ikhwân al-Safâ’
mysticism
(Mehdi Aminrazavi)
Arcesilaus
(Charles Brittain and Peter Osorio)
architecture, philosophy of
(Saul Fisher)
Archytas
(Carl Huffman)
Arendt, Hannah
(Tatjana Tömmel and Maurizio Passerin d’Entreves)
arete
— see
ethics: ancient
argument and argumentation
(Catarina Dutilh Novaes)
arguments for epistemic norms
epistemic utility — see
epistemic utility arguments for epistemic norms
Aristotelianism
commentators on Aristotle — see
Aristotle, commentators on
in the Renaissance
(David Lines)
Aristotle
(Christopher Shields)
Aristotle, commentators on
(Andrea Falcon)
Alexander of Aphrosias — see
Alexander of Aphrodisias
Ammonius — see
Ammonius
David — see
David
Elias — see
Elias
Olympiodorus — see
Olympiodorus
Philoponus — see
Philoponus
Simplicius — see
Simplicius
Aristotle, General Topics
aesthetics
(Pierre Destrée)
biology
(James Lennox)
categories
(Paul Studtmann)
ethics
(Richard Kraut)
logic
(Robin Smith)
metaphysics
(S. Marc Cohen and C. D. C. Reeve)
political theory
(Fred Miller)
psychology
(Christopher Shields)
rhetoric
(Christof Rapp)
Aristotle, Special Topics
causality
(Andrea Falcon)
mathematics
(Henry Mendell)
natural philosophy
(Istvan Bodnar)
on non-contradiction
(Paula Gottlieb)
Arnauld, Antoine
(Elmar Kremer)
Arouet, François-Marie — see
Voltaire
Arrow’s theorem
(Michael Morreau)
art
erotic
(Hans Maes)
art, conceptual
(Elisabeth Schellekens)
art, definition of
(Thomas Adajian)
artifact
(Beth Preston)
artificial intelligence
(Selmer Bringsjord and Naveen Sundar Govindarajulu)
automated reasoning — see
reasoning: automated
belief representation — see
belief, formal representations of
Chinese room argument — see
Chinese room argument
connectionism — see
connectionism
defeasible reasoning — see
reasoning: defeasible
ethics of
(Vincent C. Müller)
frame problem — see
frame problem
logic-based
(Richmond Thomason)
Turing test — see
Turing test
aspect — see
tense and aspect
assertion
(Peter Pagin and Neri Marsili)
associationist theories of thought
(Eric Mandelbaum)
Astell, Mary
(Alice Sowaal)
atheism and agnosticism
(Paul Draper)
atomism
17th to 20th century
(Alan Chalmers)
ancient
(Sylvia Berryman)
atonement
(Joshua C. Thurow)
attention
(Christopher Mole)
attributes — see
properties
auditory perception — see
perception: auditory
Augustine of Hippo
(Christian Tornau)
Auriol [Aureol, Aureoli], Peter
(Russell L. Friedman)
Austin, John
(Brian Bix)
Austin, John Langshaw
(Guy Longworth)
authenticity
(Somogy Varga and Charles Guignon)
authority
(Tom Christiano)
legal — see
legal obligation and authority
automated reasoning — see
reasoning: automated
autonomy
and informed consent — see
informed consent
in moral and political philosophy
(John Christman)
personal
(Sarah Buss and Andrea Westlund)
Averroes — see
Ibn Rushd
natural philosophy — see
Ibn Rushd: natural philosophy
Avicebron — see
Ibn Gabirol, Solomon
Avicenna — see
Ibn Sina
logic — see
Ibn Sina: logic
metaphysics — see
Ibn Sina: metaphysics
natural philosophy — see
Ibn Sina: natural philosophy
awareness, bodily — see
bodily awareness
Ayer, Alfred Jules
(Graham Macdonald and Nikhil Krishnan)
B
[jump to top]
Bacon, Francis
(Jürgen Klein)
Bacon, Roger
(Jeremiah Hackett)
Bain, Alexander — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
basing relation, epistemic
(Keith Allen Korcz)
Baudrillard, Jean
(Douglas Kellner)
Bauer, Bruno
(Douglas Moggach)
Bayes’ Theorem
(James Joyce)
Bayle, Pierre
(Michael Hickson)
Beardsley, Monroe C.
aesthetics
(Michael Wreen)
Beattie, James — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
beauty
(Crispin Sartwell)
Beauvoir, Simone de
(Debra Bergoffen and Megan Burke)
behaviorism
(George Graham)
being — see
existence
being and becoming — see
time
in modern physics — see
space and time: being and becoming in modern physics
belief
(Eric Schwitzgebel)
self-locating — see
self-locating beliefs
belief, ethics of
(Andrew Chignell)
belief, formal representations of
(Konstantin Genin and Franz Huber)
belief merging and judgment aggregation
(Gabriella Pigozzi)
Bell’s Theorem
(Wayne Myrvold, Marco Genovese, and Abner Shimony)
beneficence, principle of
(Tom Beauchamp)
Benjamin, Walter
(Peter Osborne and Matthew Charles)
Bentham, Jeremy
(James E. Crimmins)
Bergson, Henri
(Leonard Lawlor and Valentine Moulard-Leonard)
Berkeley, George
(Lisa Downing)
Berlin, Isaiah
(Joshua Cherniss and Henry Hardy)
Bessarion, Basil [Cardinal]
(Eva Del Soldato)
bias, implicit
(Michael Brownstein)
binarium famosissimum
[= most famous pair]
(Paul Vincent Spade)
biodiversity — see
ecology: biodiversity
biological development
theories of
(Melinda Bonnie Fagan and Jane Maienschein)
biological individuals
(Robert A. Wilson and Matthew J. Barker)
biological information — see
information: biological
biology
conservation — see
conservation biology
developmental — see
developmental biology
experiment in
(Marcel Weber)
molecular — see
molecular biology
philosophy of
(Jay Odenbaugh and Paul Griffiths)
reduction in — see
reduction, scientific: in biology
teleological notions in — see
teleology: teleological notions in biology
biology, philosophy of
feminist — see
feminist philosophy, interventions: philosophy of biology
biomedicine, philosophy of
(Sean Valles)
Blair, Hugh — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
blame
(Neal Tognazzini and D. Justin Coates)
Bloch, Ernst
(Ivan Boldyrev)
bodily awareness
(Frédérique de Vignemont)
Bodin, Jean
(Mario Turchetti)
body — see
substance
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus
(John Marenbon)
Boethius of Dacia
(Sten Ebbesen)
Bohr, Niels
correspondence principle
(Alisa Bokulich and Peter Bokulich)
Bolzano, Bernard
(Edgar Morscher)
logic
(Paul Rusnock and Jan Šebestik)
Bonaventure
(Tim Noone, R. E. Houser, and Joshua Benson)
Boole, George
(Stanley Burris)
Boolean algebra
the mathematics of
(J. Donald Monk)
Bosanquet, Bernard
(William Sweet)
boundary
(Achille Varzi)
bounded rationality
(Gregory Wheeler)
Boyle, Robert
(J. J. MacIntosh, Peter Anstey, and Jan-Erik Jones)
Bradley, Francis Herbert
(Stewart Candlish and Pierfrancesco Basile)
moral philosophy
(Dina Babushkina and David Crossley)
Regress
(Katarina Perovic)
brain death — see
death: definition of
brains in a vat — see
skepticism: and content externalism
Brentano, Franz
(Wolfgang Huemer)
theory of judgement
(Johannes L. Brandl and Mark Textor)
Broad, Charlie Dunbar
(Kent Gustavsson)
Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan
(Mark van Atten)
Brown, Thomas — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
Bruno, Giordano
(Dilwyn Knox)
Buber, Martin
(Michael Zank and Zachary Braiterman)
Buddha
(Mark Siderits)
Buddhism
Chan — see
Chinese Philosophy: Chan Buddhism
ethics in Indian Buddhism — see
ethics: in Indian Buddhism
mind in Indian Buddhist Philosophy — see
mind: in Indian Buddhist Philosophy
Tiantai — see
Chinese Philosophy: Tiantai Buddhism
Zen — see
Japanese Philosophy: Zen Buddhism
Buddhism: Huayan — see
Chinese Philosophy: Huayan Buddhism
bundle theory — see
substance
Buridan, John [Jean]
(Jack Zupko)
Burke, Edmund
(Ian Harris)
Burley [Burleigh], Walter
(Alessandro Conti)
Burnett, James [Lord Monboddo] — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Butler, Joseph
moral philosophy
(Aaron Garrett)
Byzantine Philosophy
(Katerina Ierodiakonou and Börje Bydén)
C
[jump to top]
Caird, Edward — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
Callicles — see
Plato: Callicles and Thrasymachus
Cambridge Platonists
(Sarah Hutton)
Campanella, Tommaso
(Germana Ernst and Jean-Paul De Lucca)
Campbell, George — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Camus, Albert
(Ronald Aronson)
cancer
(Anya Plutynski and Lucie Laplane)
capability approach
(Ingrid Robeyns and Morten Fibieger Byskov)
Cardano, Girolamo [Geronimo]
(Guido Giglioni and Jonathan Regier)
Carmichael, Gershom — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Carnap, Rudolf
(Hannes Leitgeb and André Carus)
Carneades
(James Allen)
Cassirer, Ernst
(Michael Friedman)
casuistry — see
reasoning: moral
categories
(Amie Thomasson)
medieval theories of
(Jorge Gracia and Lloyd Newton)
category mistakes
(Ofra Magidor)
category theory
(Jean-Pierre Marquis)
causal determinism — see
determinism: causal
causal models
(Christopher Hitchcock)
causation
backward
(Jan Faye)
counterfactual theories of
(Peter Menzies and Helen Beebee)
in Arabic and Islamic thought
(Kara Richardson)
in physics
(Mathias Frisch)
in the law
(Michael Moore)
and manipulability
(James Woodward)
medieval theories of
(Graham White)
mental — see
mental causation
the metaphysics of
(J. Dmitri Gallow)
probabilistic
(Christopher Hitchcock)
regularity and inferential theories of
(Holger Andreas and Mario Guenther)
retrocausality in quantum mechanics — see
quantum mechanics: retrocausality
Cavendish, Margaret Lucas
(David Cunning)
cell biology, philosophy of
(William Bechtel and Andrew Bollhagen)
cellular automata
(Francesco Berto and Jacopo Tagliabue)
censorship — see
pornography: and censorship
certainty
(Baron Reed)
ceteris paribus
laws — see
laws of nature:
ceteris paribus
chance
versus randomness
(Antony Eagle)
change
and inconsistency
(Chris Mortensen)
change: Chinese philosophy of — see
Chinese Philosophy: philosophy of change
chaos
(Robert Bishop)
character, moral
(Marcia Homiak)
empirical approaches
(Christian B. Miller)
Châtelet, Émilie du
(Karen Detlefsen and Andrew Janiak)
Chatton, Walter
(Rondo Keele and Jenny Pelletier)
chemistry, philosophy of
(Michael Weisberg, Paul Needham, and Robin Hendry)
childhood, the philosophy of
(Gareth Matthews and Amy Mullin)
children, philosophy for
(Michael Pritchard)
Chile
philosophy in
(Ivan Jaksic)
chimeras, human/non-human — see
ethics, biomedical: chimeras, human/non-human
Chinese Confucianism
Modern Confucianism
(David Elstein)
Chinese ethics — see
Chinese Philosophy: ethics
Chinese Philosophy
Chan Buddhism
(Peter Hershock)
Chinese medicine
(Lisa Raphals)
Compared to Western Philosophy — see
comparative philosophy: Chinese and Western
Confucius — see
Confucius
Daoism (Taoism) — see
Daoism
emotions in early Chinese Philosophy
(Bongrae Seok)
epistemology
(Jana Rošker)
ethics
(David Wong)
Han Dynasty
(Alexus McLeod)
Huayan Buddhism
(Bryan Van Norden and Nicholaos Jones)
Laozi — see
Laozi
legalism in
(Yuri Pines)
logic and language in Early Chinese Philosophy
(Marshall D. Willman)
Mencius — see
Mencius
metaphysics
(Franklin Perkins)
mind (heart-mind)
(David Wong)
Mohism
(Chris Fraser)
Mohist Canons
(Chris Fraser)
Neo-Daoism — see
Neo-Daoism
philosophy of change
(Tze-Ki Hon)
Qing philosophy
(On-cho Ng)
science
(Lisa Raphals)
social and political thought
(Stephen C. Angle)
Song-Ming Confucianism
(Justin Tiwald)
Tiantai Buddhism
(Brook Ziporyn)
translating and interpreting
(Henry Rosemont Jr. and Chad Hansen)
Wang Yangming — see
Wang Yangming
Xunzi — see
Xunzi
Zhuang Zi — see
Zhuangzi
Zhu Xi — see
Zhu Xi
Chinese room argument
(David Cole)
Chisholm, Roderick
(Richard Feldman and Fred Feldman)
choice, axiom of
(John L. Bell)
choice, dynamic
(Chrisoula Andreou)
choice, social — see
social choice theory
Christian theology, philosophy and
(William Wood)
Church, Alonzo
(Harry Deutsch and Oliver Marshall)
Church-Turing Thesis
(B. Jack Copeland)
Church’s Thesis — see
Church-Turing Thesis
Cicero
(Raphael Woolf)
citizenship
(Dominique Leydet)
civic education
(Jack Crittenden and Peter Levine)
civic humanism
(Cary Nederman)
civil disobedience
(Candice Delmas and Kimberley Brownlee)
civil rights
(Andrew Altman)
Clarke, Samuel
(Timothy Yenter and Ezio Vailati)
Clement of Alexandria — see
doxography of ancient philosophy
climate justice — see
justice: climate
climate science
(Wendy Parker)
clinical research, ethics of — see
ethics, biomedical: clinical research
cloning
(Katrien Devolder)
Cockburn, Catharine Trotter
(Patricia Sheridan)
coercion
(Scott Anderson)
cognition
animal — see
animal: cognition
embodied
(Lawrence Shapiro and Shannon Spaulding)
cognitive disability and moral status
(David Wasserman, Adrienne Asch, Jeffrey Blustein, and Daniel Putnam)
cognitive science
(Paul Thagard)
cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism, moral
(Mark van Roojen)
Cohen, Hermann
(Scott Edgar)
Collingwood, Robin George
(Giuseppina D’Oro and James Connelly)
aesthetics
(Gary Kemp)
Collins, Anthony
(William Uzgalis)
colonialism
(Margaret Kohn and Kavita Reddy)
color
(Barry Maund)
common cause principle — see
Reichenbach, Hans: common cause principle
common good
(Waheed Hussain)
common knowledge
(Peter Vanderschraaf and Giacomo Sillari)
communitarianism
(Daniel Bell)
comparative cognition, methods in
(Marta Halina)
comparative philosophy
Chinese and Western
(David Wong)
compatibilism
(Michael McKenna and D. Justin Coates)
competence, in biomedical decision-making — see
decision-making capacity
complexity
computability and — see
computability and complexity
computational — see
computational complexity theory
composition, the vagueness of — see
many, problem of
compositionality
(Zoltán Gendler Szabó)
computability and complexity
(Neil Immerman)
computation
in physical systems
(Gualtiero Piccinini and Corey Maley)
computational complexity theory
(Walter Dean)
computational linguistics — see
linguistics: computational
computational philosophy
(Patrick Grim and Daniel Singer)
computational theory of mind — see
mind: computational theory of
computer science, philosophy of
(Nicola Angius, Giuseppe Primiero, and Raymond Turner)
computing
modern history of
(B. Jack Copeland)
and moral responsibility
(Merel Noorman)
Comte, Auguste
(Michel Bourdeau)
concepts
(Eric Margolis and Stephen Laurence)
condemnation of 1277
(Hans Thijssen)
Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de
(Lorne Falkenstein and Giovanni Grandi)
conditionals
(Dorothy Edgington)
counterfactual
(W. Starr)
logic of — see
logic: conditionals
Condorcet, Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de
in the history of feminism
(Joan Landes)
confirmation
(Vincenzo Crupi)
Confucianism
gender in Confucian philosophy
(Li-Hsiang Rosenlee)
Japanese — see
Japanese Philosophy: Confucian
Korean — see
Korean Philosophy: Confucianism
Mencius — see
Mencius
Modern Confucianism — see
Chinese Confucianism: Modern Confucianism
Song-Ming — see
Chinese Philosophy: Song-Ming Confucianism
Wang Yangming — see
Wang Yangming
Xunzi — see
Xunzi
Zhu Xi — see
Zhu Xi
Confucius
(Mark Csikszentmihalyi)
connectionism
(Cameron Buckner and James Garson)
connectives
sentence connectives in formal logic
(Lloyd Humberstone)
conscience
(Alberto Giubilini)
medieval theories of
(Peter Eardley)
consciousness
(Robert Van Gulick)
animal — see
animal: consciousness
higher-order theories
(Peter Carruthers and Rocco Gennaro)
and intentionality
(Charles Siewert)
neuroscience of
(Wayne Wu and Jorge Morales)
representational theories of
(William Lycan)
seventeenth-century theories of
(Larry M. Jorgensen)
temporal
(Barry Dainton)
unity of
(Andrew Brook and Paul Raymont)
consent — see
political obligation
consequence, medieval theories of
(Catarina Dutilh Novaes)
consequentialism
(Walter Sinnott-Armstrong)
rule
(Brad Hooker)
consequentializing
(Douglas W. Portmore)
conservation biology
(Jay Odenbaugh)
conservatism
(Andy Hamilton)
constitutionalism
(Wil Waluchow and Dimitrios Kyritsis)
constructive empiricism
(Bradley Monton and Chad Mohler)
constructivism
in metaethics
(Carla Bagnoli)
in political philosophy
(Andrew Williams)
contextualism, epistemic
(Patrick Rysiew)
Continental Rationalism
(Shannon Dea, Julie Walsh, and Thomas M. Lennon)
continuity and infinitesimals
(John L. Bell)
continuum hypothesis — see
set theory: continuum hypothesis
contractarianism
(Ann Cudd and Seena Eftekhari)
contract law, philosophy of
(Daniel Markovits and Emad Atiq)
contractualism
(Elizabeth Ashford and Tim Mulgan)
contradiction
(Laurence R. Horn)
convention
(Michael Rescorla)
moral/conventional distinction — see
moral/conventional distinction
Conway, Lady Anne
(Sarah Hutton)
Cooper, Anna Julia
(Kathryn Sophia Belle)
Copernicus, Nicolaus
(Sheila Rabin)
Cordemoy, Géraud de
(Fred Ablondi)
corruption
(Seumas Miller)
cosmological argument
(Bruce Reichenbach)
cosmology
methodological debates in the 1930s and 1940s
(George Gale)
and theology
(Hans Halvorson and Helge Kragh)
cosmology, philosophy of
(Christopher Smeenk and George Ellis)
cosmopolitanism
(Pauline Kleingeld and Eric Brown)
counterfactuals — see
conditionals: counterfactual
counterpart theory — see
possible objects
Crathorn, William
(Aurélien Robert)
creation and conservation
(David Vander Laan)
creationism
(Michael Ruse)
creativity
(Elliot Samuel Paul and Dustin Stokes)
Crescas, Hasdai
(Shalom Sadik)
criminal law, theories of
(James Edwards)
critical philosophy of race
(Linda Alcoff)
critical race theory — see
critical philosophy of race
critical theory
(Robin Celikates and Jeffrey Flynn)
critical thinking
(David Hitchcock)
Croce, Benedetto
aesthetics
(Gary Kemp)
Crummell, Alexander
(Stephen Thompson)
Cudworth, Ralph
(Sarah Hutton)
cultural evolution — see
evolution: cultural
cultural heritage, ethics of
(Erich Hatala Matthes)
culture
(Patti Tamara Lenard)
and cognitive science
(Daniel Kelly and Andreas De Block)
Curry’s paradox
(Lionel Shapiro and Jc Beall)
Cusanus, Nicolaus [Nicolas of Cusa]
(Clyde Lee Miller)
D
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Damian, Peter
(Toivo J. Holopainen)
dance, philosophy of
(Aili Bresnahan)
Dante Alighieri
(Winthrop Wetherbee and Jason Aleksander)
Daoism
(Chad Hansen)
Laozi — see
Laozi
Neo-Daoism — see
Neo-Daoism
religious
(Fabrizio Pregadio)
Zhuang Zi — see
Zhuangzi
Darwin, Charles
from the
Origin of Species
to the
Descent of Man
— see
evolution: from the
Origin of Species
to the
Descent of Man
Darwinism
(James Lennox and Charles H. Pence)
Dasein
— see
Heidegger, Martin
Daud, Abraham Ibn — see
Ibn Daud, Abraham
David
(Christian Wildberg)
Davidson, Donald
(Jeff Malpas)
death
(Steven Luper)
definition of
(David DeGrazia)
de Beauvoir, Simone — see
Beauvoir, Simone de
deception
definition of — see
lying and deception: definition of
self — see
self-deception
decision-making capacity
(Jennifer Hawkins and Louis C. Charland)
decision theory
(Katie Steele and H. Orri Stefánsson)
causal
(Paul Weirich)
descriptive
(Jake Chandler)
expected utility theories of rational choice — see
rational choice, normative: expected utility
non-expected-utility theories of rational choice — see
rational choice, normative: rivals to expected utility
Dedekind, Richard
contributions to the foundations of mathematics
(Erich Reck)
deductivism in the philosophy of mathematics
(Alexander Paseau and Fabian Pregel)
defaults in semantics and pragmatics
(Katarzyna M. Jaszczolt)
definitions
(Anil Gupta and Stephen Mackereth)
Deleuze, Gilles
(Daniel Smith, John Protevi, and Daniela Voss)
Delmedigo, Elijah
(Michael Engel)
delusion
(Lisa Bortolotti)
demarcation of science — see
science: and pseudo-science
democracy
(Tom Christiano and Sameer Bajaj)
global
(Jonathan Kuyper)
Democritus
(Sylvia Berryman)
demonstration
Aristotle’s theory of — see
Aristotle, General Topics: logic
medieval theories of
(John Longeway)
demonstratives — see
indexicals
denotation — see
reference
deontological ethics — see
ethics: deontological
dependence, ontological
(Tuomas E. Tahko and E. Jonathan Lowe)
depiction
(John Hyman and Katerina Bantinaki)
Derrida, Jacques
(Leonard Lawlor)
Descartes, René
(Gary Hatfield)
epistemology
(Lex Newman)
ethics
(Donald Rutherford)
life and works
(Kurt Smith)
mathematics
(Mary Domski)
method
(Tarek R. Dika)
modal metaphysics
(David Cunning)
ontological argument
(Lawrence Nolan)
physics
(Edward Slowik)
and the pineal gland
(Gert-Jan Lokhorst)
theory of emotion — see
emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
theory of ideas
(Kurt Smith)
descriptions
(Peter Ludlow)
desert
(Fred Feldman and Brad Skow)
Desgabets, Robert
(Patricia Easton)
design, argument from — see
teleology: teleological arguments for God’s existence
desire
(Tim Schroeder)
determinates and determinables
(Jessica Wilson)
determinism
ancient theories of — see
freedom: ancient theories of
causal
(Carl Hoefer)
developmental biology
(Alan Love)
evolution and development
(Jan Baedke and Scott F. Gilbert)
theories of — see
biological development: theories of
Dewey, John
(David Hildebrand)
aesthetics
(Tom Leddy and Kalle Puolakka)
moral philosophy
(Elizabeth Anderson)
political philosophy
(Matthew Festenstein)
Dharmakīrti
(Tom Tillemans)
diagrams
(Sun-Joo Shin, Oliver Lemon, and John Mumma)
epistemology of — see
visual thinking in mathematics: epistemology of
Dialectical School
(Susanne Bobzien and Matthew Duncombe)
dialectics, Hegel’s — see
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: dialectics
dialetheism
(Graham Priest, Francesco Berto, and Zach Weber)
Diderot, Denis
(Charles T. Wolfe and J.B. Shank)
Dietrich of Freiberg
(Markus Führer)
digital art, philosophy of
(Katherine Thomson-Jones and Shelby Moser)
dignity
(Remy Debes)
Dilthey, Wilhelm
(Rudolf Makkreel)
Diodorus Cronus
(Matthew Duncombe)
Diogenes Laertius — see
doxography of ancient philosophy
Dionysius the Areopagite — see
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
dirty hands, the problem of
(C.A.J. Coady)
disability
critical disability theory
(Melinda C. Hall)
definitions and models
(David Wasserman and Sean Aas)
feminist perspectives on — see
feminist philosophy, topics: perspectives on disability
health, well-being, personal relationships
(David Wasserman, Adrienne Asch, Jeffrey Blustein, and Daniel Putnam)
and health care rationing
(Jerome Bickenbach)
and justice
(Daniel Putnam, David Wasserman, Jeffrey Blustein, and Adrienne Asch)
disagreement
(Bryan Frances and Jonathan Matheson)
moral — see
moral disagreement
discourse representation theory
(Bart Geurts, David I. Beaver, and Emar Maier)
discrimination
(Andrew Altman)
disease — see
health
disjunction
(Maria Aloni)
dispositions
(Sungho Choi and Michael Fara)
Dissoi Logoi
— see
Sophists, The
distributive justice — see
justice: distributive
and empirical moral psychology
(Christian B. Miller)
international — see
justice: international distributive
diversity
religious — see
religious diversity
divine
command theory — see
voluntarism, theological
foreknowledge and free will — see
free will: divine foreknowledge and
freedom — see
freedom: divine
hiddenness — see
hiddenness of God
illumination
(Robert Pasnau)
providence — see
providence, divine
revelation — see
revelation, divine
simplicity — see
simplicity: divine
doing vs. allowing harm
(Fiona Woollard and Frances Howard-Snyder)
domestic partnership and marriage — see
marriage and domestic partnership
domination
(Christopher McCammon)
donation and sale of human eggs and sperm
(Reuven Brandt, Stephen Wilkinson, and Nicola Williams)
donation of human organs
(Martin Wilkinson and Stephen Wilkinson)
double consciousness
(John P. Pittman)
double effect, doctrine of
(Alison McIntyre)
Douglass, Frederick
(Ronald Sundstrom)
doxography of ancient philosophy
(Jaap Mansfeld and David Runia)
dreams and dreaming
(Jennifer M. Windt)
dualism
(Howard Robinson)
Du Bois, W.E.B.
(Robert Gooding-Williams)
Du Bos, Jean-Baptiste
(James O. Young and Margaret Cameron)
Duhem, Pierre
(Roger Ariew)
Dunbar, James — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Duns Scotus, John
(Thomas Williams)
Dutch book arguments
(Susan Vineberg)
dynamic epistemic logic — see
logic: dynamic epistemic
dynamic semantics — see
semantics: dynamic
E
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Early Modern India, analytic philosophy in
(Jonardon Ganeri)
Eckhart, Meister — see
Meister Eckhart
ecological genetics — see
genetics: ecological
ecology
(Alkistis Elliott-Graves)
biodiversity
(Daniel P. Faith)
conservation biology — see
conservation biology
economics
in early modern philosophy
(Margaret Schabas)
philosophy of
(Daniel M. Hausman)
Ramsey and intergenerational welfare economics — see
Ramsey, Frank: and intergenerational welfare economics
economics [normative] and economic justice
(Marc Fleurbaey)
education, philosophy of
(Harvey Siegel, D.C. Phillips, and Eamonn Callan)
Edwards, Jonathan
(William Wainwright)
egalitarianism
(Richard Arneson)
egoism
(Robert Shaver)
Ehrenfels, Christian von
(Robin Rollinger and Carlo Ierna)
Einstein, Albert
the hole argument — see
space and time: the hole argument
philosophy of science
(Don A. Howard and Marco Giovanelli)
Elias
(Christian Wildberg)
Elisabeth, Princess of Bohemia
(Lisa Shapiro)
emergent properties
(Timothy O’Connor)
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
(Russell Goodman)
emotion
(Andrea Scarantino and Ronald de Sousa)
17th and 18th century theories of
(Amy M. Schmitter)
in Early Chinese philosophy — see
Chinese Philosophy: emotions in early Chinese Philosophy
in the Christian tradition
(Robert Roberts)
medieval theories of
(Simo Knuuttila)
responses to fiction — see
fiction: emotional responses to
empathy
(Karsten Stueber)
Empedocles
(K. Scarlett Kingsley and Richard Parry)
empirical approaches
altruism — see
altruism: empirical approaches
character, moral — see
character, moral: empirical approaches
psychology of normative cognition — see
normative cognition, psychology of
empiricism — see
rationalism vs. empiricism
ancient and medieval
(Gregory W. Dawes)
constructive — see
constructive empiricism
logical
(Richard Creath)
Enlightenment
(William Bristow)
entailment — see
logical consequence
entropy
and information processing — see
information processing: and thermodynamic entropy
envy
(Justin D’Arms)
Epictetus
(Margaret Graver)
Epicurus
(David Konstan)
epiphenomenalism
(William Robinson)
episteme
and
techne
[= scientific knowledge and expertise]
(Richard Parry)
epistemic basing relation — see
basing relation, epistemic
epistemic closure
(Steven Luper)
epistemic paradoxes
(Roy Sorensen)
epistemic self-doubt — see
self-doubt, epistemic
epistemic utility arguments for epistemic norms
(Richard Pettigrew)
epistemology
(Matthias Steup and Ram Neta)
Bayesian
(Hanti Lin)
contextualism in — see
contextualism, epistemic
evolutionary
(Michael Bradie and William Harms)
feminist — see
feminist philosophy, interventions: epistemology and philosophy of science
in classical Indian philosophy — see
Indian Philosophy (Classical): epistemology
in Latin America
(Diego Machuca)
moral — see
moral epistemology
moral, a priorism in — see
moral epistemology: a priorism in
naturalism in
(Patrick Rysiew)
reliabilist — see
reliabilist epistemology
social
(Cailin O’Connor, Sanford Goldberg, and Alvin Goldman)
social feminist — see
feminist philosophy, interventions: social epistemology
virtue
(John Turri, Mark Alfano, and John Greco)
epistemology, formal
(Jonathan Weisberg)
epsilon calculus
(Jeremy Avigad and Richard Zach)
equality
(Stefan Gosepath)
of educational opportunity
(Liam Shields, Anne Newman, and Debra Satz)
of opportunity
(Gideon Elford)
equivalence of mass and energy
(Francisco Fernflores)
Erasmus, Desiderius
(Erika Rummel and Eric MacPhail)
ergodic hierarchy
(Roman Frigg, Joseph Berkovitz, and Fred Kronz)
Eriugena, John Scottus
(Dermot Moran and Adrian Guiu)
essence, real — see
Locke, John: on real essence
essentialism — see
essential vs. accidental properties
essential vs. accidental properties
(Teresa Robertson Ishii and Philip Atkins)
eternity, in Christian thought
(Natalja Deng)
ethics
actualism and possibilism — see
actualism and possibilism in ethics
ancient
(Richard Parry and Harald Thorsrud)
of belief — see
belief, ethics of
business
(Jeffrey Moriarty)
Chinese — see
Chinese Philosophy: ethics
deontological
(Larry Alexander and Michael Moore)
environmental
(Andrew Brennan and Norva Y. S. Lo)
feminist — see
feminist philosophy, interventions: ethics
in Indian Buddhism
(Charles Goodman and Aaron Schultz)
internet research
(Elizabeth A. Buchanan and Michael Zimmer)
natural law tradition
(Mark Murphy)
and personal identity — see
personal identity: and ethics
search engines and
(Herman Tavani and Michael Zimmer)
and social networking — see
social networking and ethics
thick concepts — see
thick ethical concepts
utilitarian — see
consequentialism
virtue
(Rosalind Hursthouse and Glen Pettigrove)
ethics, African — see
African Philosophy: ethics
ethics, applied
phenomenological approaches to ethics and information technology — see
information technology: phenomenological approaches to ethics and
ethics, biomedical
advance directives and substitute decision-making — see
advance directives
chimeras, human/non-human
(Robert Streiffer)
clinical research
(David Wendler)
cloning — see
cloning
decision-making capacity — see
decision-making capacity
disability — see
disability: definitions and models
disease and health, concepts of — see
health
the donation and sale of human eggs and sperm — see
donation and sale of human eggs and sperm
the donation of human organs — see
donation of human organs
human enhancement — see
human enhancement
informed consent — see
informed consent
justice, inequality, and health
(Douglas MacKay and Gopal Sreenivasan)
justice and access to health care
(Norman Daniels)
pregnancy, birth, and medicine — see
pregnancy, birth, and medicine
privacy and medicine
(Anita Allen)
public health ethics — see
public health: ethics
the sale of human organs — see
sale of human organs
stem cell research
(Andrew Siegel)
theory
(Jennifer Flynn)
eudaimonia
— see
ethics: ancient
eugenics
(Inmaculada de Melo-Martin and Sara Goering)
euthanasia
voluntary
(Robert Young)
events
(Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi)
evidence
(Thomas Kelly)
the legal concept of
(Hock Lai Ho)
scientific — see
confirmation
evidence, higher-order
(Sophie Horowitz)
evil
concept of
(Todd Calder)
kinds and origins
(Andrew Chignell)
problem of
(Michael Tooley)
evolution
(Roberta L. Millstein)
concept before Darwin
(Phillip Sloan)
cultural
(Tim Lewens and Andrew Buskell)
from the
Origin of Species
to the
Descent of Man
(Phillip Sloan)
evolutionary ethics — see
morality: and evolutionary biology
evolutionary game theory — see
game theory: evolutionary
evolutionary psychology — see
psychology: evolutionary
existence
(Michael Nelson)
existentialism
(Kevin Aho)
aesthetics — see
aesthetics: existentialist
experience, aesthetic — see
aesthetic experience
experimental moral philosophy
(Mark Alfano, Edouard Machery, Alexandra Plakias, and Don Loeb)
experimental philosophy
(Joshua Knobe and Shaun Nichols)
experimentation
in biology — see
biology: experiment in
in physics — see
physics: experiment in
explanation
mathematical — see
mathematical: explanation
metaphysics — see
metaphysical explanation
scientific — see
scientific explanation
exploitation
(Matt Zwolinski, Benjamin Ferguson, and Alan Wertheimer)
externalism
and self-knowledge
(T. Parent)
externalism about the mind
(Mark Rowlands, Joe Lau, and Max Deutsch)
extrinsic — see
intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties
Ezra, Abraham Ibn — see
Ibn Ezra, Abraham
F
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facts
(Kevin Mulligan and Fabrice Correia)
faith
(John Bishop and Daniel J. McKaughan)
Falaquera, Shem Tov Ibn
(Steve Harvey)
fallacies
(Hans Hansen)
Fanon, Frantz
(John Drabinski)
fatalism
(Hugh Rice)
Fechner, Gustav Theodor
(Frederick C. Beiser)
federalism
(Andreas Follesdal)
Feigl, Herbert
(Matthias Neuber)
Fell, Margaret
(Jacqueline Broad)
feminist philosophy
(Noëlle McAfee, Ann Garry, Anita Superson, Heidi Grasswick, and Serene Khader)
feminist philosophy, approaches
analytic philosophy
(Ann Garry)
continental philosophy
(Dilek Huseyinzadegan, Jana McAuliffe, Jameliah Inga Shorter-Bourhanou, B. Tamsin Kimoto, Ege Selin Islekel, Marie Draz, and Erika Brown)
intersections between analytic and continental philosophy
(Georgia Warnke)
intersections between pragmatist and continental philosophy
(Shannon Sullivan and Erin Tarver)
Latin American feminism
(Stephanie Rivera Berruz)
pragmatism
(Judy Whipps and Danielle Lake)
psychoanalytic philosophy
(Emily Zakin and Claudia Leeb)
feminist philosophy, interventions
aesthetics
(Carolyn Korsmeyer and Peg Brand Weiser)
bioethics
(Jackie Leach Scully)
environmental philosophy
(Karen J. Warren)
epistemology and philosophy of science
(Elizabeth Anderson)
ethics
(Kathryn Norlock)
history of philosophy
(Charlotte Witt and Lisa Shapiro)
liberal feminism
(Amy R. Baehr)
metaphysics
(Sally Haslanger and Ásta)
moral psychology
(Anita Superson)
philosophy of biology
(Carla Fehr and Letitia Meynell)
philosophy of language
(Jennifer Saul, Esa Diaz-Leon, and Samia Hesni)
philosophy of law
(Leslie Francis and Patricia Smith)
philosophy of religion
(Nancy Frankenberry)
political philosophy
(Noëlle McAfee and Katie B. Howard)
social epistemology
(Heidi Grasswick)
feminist philosophy, topics
perspectives on argumentation
(Catherine E. Hundleby)
perspectives on autonomy
(Natalie Stoljar)
perspectives on class and work
(Ann Ferguson, Rosemary Hennessy, and Mechthild Nagel)
perspectives on disability
(Anita Silvers)
perspectives on globalization
(Serena Parekh and Shelley Wilcox)
perspectives on objectification
(Evangelia (Lina) Papadaki)
perspectives on power
(Amy Allen)
perspectives on rape
(Rebecca Whisnant)
perspectives on reproduction and the family
(Debra Satz)
perspectives on science
(Sharon Crasnow)
perspectives on sex and gender
(Mari Mikkola)
perspectives on sex markets
(Laurie Shrage)
perspectives on the body
(Kathleen Lennon and Clara Fischer)
perspectives on the self
(Ellie Anderson, Cynthia Willett, and Diana Meyers)
perspectives on trans issues
(Talia Bettcher)
Ferguson, Adam — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Ferrier, James — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas
(Todd Gooch)
Feyerabend, Paul
(John Preston)
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb
(Dan Breazeale)
Ficino, Marsilio
(Christopher S. Celenza)
fiction
(Fred Kroon and Alberto Voltolini)
emotional responses to
(Katie Tullmann)
fictional entities
(Fred Kroon and Alberto Voltolini)
fictionalism
(Matti Eklund)
in the philosophy of mathematics — see
mathematics, philosophy of: fictionalism
modal
(Daniel Nolan)
fideism
(Richard Amesbury)
film, philosophy of
(Thomas Wartenberg)
finance, philosophy of money and — see
money and finance, philosophy of
Findlay, J.N.
(Douglas Lackey)
fine-tuning
(Simon Friederich)
Fitch’s paradox of knowability
(Berit Brogaard and Joe Salerno)
fitness
(Alexander Rosenberg and Frederic Bouchard)
fitting attitude theories of value
(Christopher Howard)
FitzRalph, Richard
(Michael W. Dunne)
Fleck, Ludwik
(Wojciech Sady)
folk psychology
as mental simulation
(Luca Barlassina and Robert M. Gordon)
as a theory
(Daniel Hutto and Ian Ravenscroft)
Foot, Philippa
(John Hacker-Wright)
foreknowledge, divine — see
free will: divine foreknowledge and
forgiveness
(Paul M. Hughes and Brandon Warmke)
formal epistemology — see
epistemology, formal
formalism
in the philosophy of mathematics — see
mathematics, philosophy of: formalism
formal representations of belief — see
belief, formal representations of
Forms [Platonic] — see
Plato: middle period metaphysics and epistemology
form vs. matter
(Thomas Ainsworth)
Foucault, Michel
(Gary Gutting and Johanna Oksala)
four dimensionalism — see
temporal parts
frame problem
(Murray Shanahan)
Francis of Marchia
(Christopher Schabel)
Frankfurt School — see
critical theory
freedom
ancient theories of
(Tim O’Keefe)
of association
(Kimberley Brownlee and David Jenkins)
divine
(William Rowe)
positive and negative — see
liberty: positive and negative
of speech
(Jeffrey W. Howard)
free rider problem
(Russell Hardin and Garrett Cullity)
free will
(Timothy O’Connor and Christopher Franklin)
(nondeterministic) theories of — see
incompatibilism: (nondeterministic) theories of free will
divine foreknowledge and
(David Hunt and Linda Zagzebski)
Frege, Gottlob
(Edward N. Zalta)
controversy with Hilbert
(Patricia Blanchette)
logic
(Roy Cook)
theorem and foundations for arithmetic
(Edward N. Zalta)
friendship
(Bennett Helm)
Fuller, Margaret
(Daniel Howe)
function
in biology — see
teleology: teleological notions in biology
propositional — see
propositional function
recursive — see
recursive functions
functionalism
(Janet Levin)
fundamentality
(Tuomas E. Tahko)
future contingents
(Peter Øhrstrøm and Per Hasle)
medieval theories of
(Simo Knuuttila)
G
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Gadamer, Hans-Georg
(Jeff Malpas)
aesthetics
(Nicholas Davey and Cynthia Nielsen)
Galen
(P. N. Singer)
Galileo Galilei
(Peter Machamer and David Marshall Miller)
games
abstraction and completeness
(Felice Cardone)
logic and — see
logic: and games
logics for analyzing — see
logic: for analyzing games
game theory
(Don Ross)
epistemic foundations of
(Eric Pacuit and Olivier Roy)
and ethics
(Keith Hankins and Peter Vanderschraaf)
evolutionary
(J. McKenzie Alexander)
Gaṅgeśa
(Stephen Phillips)
Gassendi, Pierre
(Saul Fisher)
Gelukpa [dge lugs pa]
(Douglas Duckworth)
gene
(Robert Meunier)
generalized quantifiers
(Dag Westerståhl)
general relativity
early philosophical interpretations of
(Thomas A. Ryckman)
generic generalizations
(Sarah-Jane Leslie and Adam Lerner)
genetic drift
(Roberta L. Millstein)
genetics
(James Tabery)
ecological
(Michael Wade)
genotype/phenotype distinction
(Peter Taylor and Richard Lewontin)
molecular
(Ken Waters)
population
(Samir Okasha)
genomics and postgenomics
(Stephan Guttinger and John Dupré)
geometry
epistemology of
(Jeremy Gray and José Ferreirós)
finitism in
(Jean Paul Van Bendegem)
in the 19th century
(Roberto Torretti)
Gerard, Alexander — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
German Philosophy
in the 18th century, prior to Kant
(Corey Dyck and Brigitte Sassen)
Gersonides
(Tamar Rudavsky)
Giles of Rome
(Roberto Lambertini)
given, the — see
justification, epistemic: foundationalist theories of
global democracy — see
democracy: global
globalization
(William Scheuerman)
global justice — see
justice: global
God
and other necessary beings
(Matthew Davidson)
and other ultimates
(Jeanine Diller)
God, arguments for belief in
pragmatic — see
pragmatic arguments and belief in God
God, arguments for the existence of
cosmological — see
cosmological argument
Descartes’ ontological — see
Descartes, René: ontological argument
moral arguments
(C. Stephen Evans and David Baggett)
ontological — see
ontological arguments
teleological — see
teleology: teleological arguments for God’s existence
Godfrey of Fontaines
(John Wippel)
Godwin, William
(Mark Philp)
Gödel, Kurt
(Juliette Kennedy)
incompleteness theorems
(Panu Raatikainen)
Goodman, Nelson
(Daniel Cohnitz and Marcus Rossberg)
aesthetics
(Alessandro Giovannelli)
goodness, perfect
(Mark Murphy)
goods, public — see
public goods
Gorampa [go rams pa]
(Constance Kassor)
grammar
categorial — see
grammar: typelogical
typelogical
(Michael Moortgat)
Gramsci, Antonio
(James Martin)
gratitude
(Tony Manela)
Green, Thomas Hill
(David Brink)
Gregory of Rimini
(Christopher Schabel and Charles Girard)
Grice, Paul
(Richard E. Grandy and Richard Warner)
Grosseteste, Robert
(Neil Lewis)
Grotius, Hugo
(Jon Miller)
grounding, metaphysical
(Ricki Bliss and Kelly Trogdon)
group rights — see
rights: group
H
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Habermas, Jürgen
(James Gordon Finlayson and Dafydd Huw Rees)
haecceitism
(Sam Cowling)
haecceity — see
substance
medieval theories of
(Richard Cross)
Halevi, Judah
(Barry Kogan)
Hamann, Johann Georg
(Gwen Griffith-Dickson)
Hamilton, William — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 19th century
happiness
(Dan Haybron)
Hare, Richard Mervyn
(Anthony Price)
Hartley, David
(Richard Allen)
Hartmann, Nicolai
(Keith Peterson and Roberto Poli)
Hartshorne, Charles
(Dan Dombrowski)
hate speech
(Luvell Anderson and Michael Barnes)
Hayek, Friedrich
(David Schmidtz and Peter Boettke)
health
(Dominic Murphy)
heart-mind, in Chinese Philosophy — see
Chinese Philosophy: mind (heart-mind)
heaven and hell in Christian thought
(Thomas Talbott)
hedonism
(Andrew Moore)
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
(Paul Redding)
aesthetics
(Stephen Houlgate)
dialectics
(Julie E. Maybee)
social and political philosophy
(Thom Brooks)
Heidegger, Martin
(Michael Wheeler)
aesthetics
(Iain Thomson)
hell and heaven in Christian thought — see
heaven and hell in Christian thought
Helmholtz, Hermann von
(Lydia Patton)
Hempel, Carl
(James Fetzer)
Henry, Michel
(Frédéric Seyler)
Henry of Ghent
(Pasquale Porro)
Heraclitus
(Daniel W. Graham)
Herbart, Johann Friedrich
(Alan Kim)
Herder, Johann Gottfried von
(Michael Forster)
heritability
(Stephen M. Downes and Lucas Matthews)
inheritance systems — see
inheritance systems
hermeneutics
(Theodore George)
Heytesbury, William
(Miroslav Hanke and Elzbieta Jung)
hiddenness of God
(Daniel Howard-Snyder and Adam Green)
Hilbert, David
controversy with Frege — see
Frege, Gottlob: controversy with Hilbert
program in the foundations of mathematics
(Richard Zach)
Hippias — see
Sophists, The
history, philosophy of
(Daniel Little)
Hobbes, Thomas
(Stewart Duncan)
moral and political philosophy
(Sharon A. Lloyd and Susanne Sreedhar)
philosophy of science
(Marcus P. Adams)
theory of emotion — see
emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
Holbach, Paul-Henri Thiry (Baron) d’
(Michael LeBuffe)
holes
(Roberto Casati and Achille Varzi)
Holkot [Holcot], Robert
(Hester Gelber and John T. Slotemaker)
Home, Henry [Lord Kames] — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
homosexuality
(Brent Pickett)
Hook, Sidney
(David Sidorsky and Robert Talisse)
hope
(Claudia Bloeser and Titus Stahl)
Horkheimer, Max
(J.C. Berendzen)
human enhancement
(Eric Juengst and Daniel Moseley)
human genome project
(Lisa Gannett)
humanism
civic — see
civic humanism
human nature
(Neil Roughley)
human rights — see
rights: human
human test subjects — see
ethics, biomedical: clinical research
Humboldt, Alexander von
(Dalia Nassar)
Humboldt, Wilhelm von
(Kurt Mueller-Vollmer and Markus Messling)
Hume, David
(William Edward Morris and Charlotte R. Brown)
aesthetics
(Theodore Gracyk)
and Kant on causality — see
Kant, Immanuel: and Hume on causality
and Kant on morality — see
Kant, Immanuel: and Hume on morality
moral philosophy
(Rachel Cohon)
Newtonianism and Anti-Newtonianism
(Eric Schliesser and Tamás Demeter)
on free will
(Paul Russell)
on religion
(Paul Russell and Anders Kraal)
theory of emotion — see
emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
humility — see
modesty and humility
humor, philosophy of
(John Morreall)
Husserl, Edmund
(Christian Beyer)
Hutcheson, Francis — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Hutcheson, Francis
(Dale Dorsey)
theory of emotion — see
emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
hybrid logic — see
logic: hybrid
hyperintensionality
(Francesco Berto and Daniel Nolan)
I
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Iamblichus
(Riccardo Chiaradonna and Adrien Lecerf)
Ibn ‘Arabî
(William Chittick)
Ibn Bâjja [Avempace]
(Josep Puig Montada)
Ibn Daud, Abraham
(Resianne Fontaine and Amira Eran)
Ibn Ezra, Abraham
(Tzvi Langermann)
Ibn Falaquera, Shem Tov — see
Falaquera, Shem Tov Ibn
Ibn Gabirol, Solomon [Avicebron]
(Sarah Pessin)
Ibn Kammūna
(Tzvi Langermann)
Ibn Rushd [Averroes]
(Fouad Ben Ahmed and Robert Pasnau)
natural philosophy
(Josep Puig Montada)
Ibn Sina [Avicenna]
(Dimitri Gutas)
logic
(Riccardo Strobino)
metaphysics
(Olga Lizzini)
natural philosophy
(Jon McGinnis)
Ibn Taymiyya
(Jon Hoover)
Ibn Tibbon, Samuel — see
Tibbon, Samuel Ibn
idealism
(Paul Guyer and Rolf-Peter Horstmann)
identity
(Harold Noonan and Ben Curtis)
of indiscernibles
(Peter Forrest)
over time
(Andre Gallois)
personal — see
personal identity
relative
(Harry Deutsch and Pawel Garbacz)
transworld
(Penelope Mackie and Mark Jago)
identity politics
(Cressida Heyes)
identity theory of mind — see
mind/brain identity theory
ideology, law and — see
law: and ideology
idiolects
(Alex Barber and Eduardo Garcia Ramirez)
Ikhwân al-Safâ’
(Carmela Baffioni)
imagery, mental — see
mental imagery
imagination
(Shen-yi Liao and Tamar Gendler)
imaginative resistance
(Emine Hande Tuna)
imitation game — see
Turing test
immigration
(Christopher Heath Wellman)
immortality — see
afterlife
immunology, philosophy of
(Bartlomiej Swiatczak and Alfred I. Tauber)
immutability
(Brian Leftow)
impartiality
(Troy Jollimore)
implicature
(Wayne Davis)
optimality theoretic and game theoretic approaches
(Robert van Rooij and Michael Franke)
implicit bias — see
bias, implicit
impossible worlds
(Francesco Berto and Mark Jago)
incommensurability
of scientific theories
(Eric Oberheim and Paul Hoyningen-Huene)
of values — see
value: incommensurable
incomparable values — see
value: incommensurable
incompatibilism
(nondeterministic) theories of free will
(Randolph Clarke, Justin Capes, and Philip Swenson)
arguments for
(Kadri Vihvelin)
indexicals
(David Braun)
Indian Philosophy (Classical)
concept of emotion
(Joerg Tuske)
epistemology
(Stephen Phillips and Anand Vaidya)
language and testimony
(Madhav Deshpande)
literal-nonliteral distinction
(Malcolm Keating)
logic
(Brendan Gillon)
naturalism
(Amita Chatterjee)
perceptual experience and concepts
(Monima Chadha)
personhood
(Monima Chadha)
individualism, methodological
(Joseph Heath)
individuals, biological — see
biological individuals
induction
problem of
(Leah Henderson)
inductive logic — see
logic: inductive
inequality — see
equality
inertial systems — see
space and time: inertial frames
inference to the best explanation — see
abduction
infinite regress arguments
(Ross Cameron)
infinitesimals — see
continuity and infinitesimals
infinity
(Kenny Easwaran, Alan Hájek, Paolo Mancosu, and Graham Oppy)
informal logic — see
logic: informal
information
(Pieter Adriaans)
biological
(Peter Godfrey-Smith and Kim Sterelny)
and logic — see
logic: and information
quantum entanglement and — see
quantum theory: quantum entanglement and information
semantic conceptions of
(Sebastian Sequoiah-Grayson and Luciano Floridi)
information processing
and thermodynamic entropy
(Owen Maroney)
information technology
and moral values
(John Sullins)
phenomenological approaches to ethics and
(Lucas Introna)
and privacy
(Jeroen van den Hoven, Martijn Blaauw, Wolter Pieters, and Martijn Warnier)
informed consent
(Nir Eyal)
Ingarden, Roman
(Amie Thomasson)
inherence — see
substance
inheritance systems
(Ehud Lamm)
innate/acquired distinction
(Paul Griffiths and Stefan Linquist)
innateness
and contemporary theories of cognition
(Jerry Samet and Deborah Zaitchik)
historical controversies
(Jerry Samet)
and language
(Fiona Cowie)
inner speech
(Daniel Gregory and Peter Langland-Hassan)
insolubles [=
insolubilia
]
(Paul Vincent Spade and Stephen Read)
instrumental rationality — see
rationality: instrumental
integrity
(Damian Cox, Marguerite La Caze, and Michael Levine)
intelligent design, theory of — see
creationism
intensional transitive verbs
(Graeme Forbes)
intention
(Kieran Setiya)
intentionality
(Pierre Jacob)
collective
(David P. Schweikard and Hans Bernhard Schmid)
consciousness and — see
consciousness: and intentionality
in ancient philosophy
(Victor Caston)
phenomenal
(David Bourget and Angela Mendelovici)
internal vs. external reasons for action — see
reasons for action: internal vs. external
international law, philosophy of
(John Tasioulas and Guglielmo Verdirame)
internet research ethics — see
ethics: internet research
intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties
(Dan Marshall and Brian Weatherson)
introspection
(Eric Schwitzgebel)
intuition
(Joel Pust)
intuitionism
ethics — see
moral intuitionism
in the philosophy of mathematics — see
mathematics, philosophy of: intuitionism
intuitionistic logic — see
logic: intuitionistic
development of — see
logic, history of: intuitionistic logic
intuitionistic type theory — see
type theory: intuitionistic
inverted qualia — see
qualia: inverted
Israeli, Isaac
(Leonard Levin, R. David Walker, and Shalom Sadik)
Italos, John
(András Kraft)
J
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Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich
(Paolo Livieri and George di Giovanni)
Jaina Philosophy
(Marie-Hélène Gorisse)
James, William
(Russell Goodman)
James of Viterbo
(Antoine Côté)
Japanese Philosophy
(Thomas Kasulis)
aesthetics
(Graham Parkes and Adam Loughnane)
Confucian
(John Tucker)
Kokugaku School [Native Japan Studies School]
(Gideon Fujiwara and Peter Nosco)
Kūkai
(John Krummel)
Kyoto School
(Bret W. Davis)
Nishida Kitarō — see
Nishida Kitarō
Pure Land
(Dennis Hirota)
Watsuji Tetsurō — see
Watsuji Tetsurō
Zen Buddhism
(Shigenori Nagatomo)
Jaspers, Karl
(Chris Thornhill and Ronny Miron)
Jayarāśi
(Piotr Balcerowicz)
Jefferson, Thomas
(M. Andrew Holowchak)
Jevons, William Stanley
(Bert Mosselmans)
John of Salisbury
(Karen Bollermann and Cary Nederman)
Jones, Emily Elizabeth Constance
(Gary Ostertag)
Judah Halevi — see
Halevi, Judah
judgment
aesthetic — see
aesthetics: aesthetic judgment
judgment aggregation and belief merging — see
belief merging and judgment aggregation
jury theorems
(Franz Dietrich and Kai Spiekermann)
justice
(David Miller)
and access to health care — see
ethics, biomedical: justice and access to health care
and bad luck — see
luck: justice and bad luck
climate
(Simon Caney)
and disability — see
disability: and justice
distributive
(Julian Lamont and Christi Favor)
distributive justice and empirical moral psychology — see
distributive justice: and empirical moral psychology
economic — see
economics and economic justice
global
(Gillian Brock and Nicole Hassoun)
inequality and health — see
ethics, biomedical: justice, inequality, and health
intergenerational
(Lukas Meyer)
international distributive
(Michael Blake and Patrick Taylor Smith)
retributive
(Alec Walen)
territorial — see
territorial rights and justice
transitional
(Nir Eisikovits)
as a virtue
(Mark LeBar)
justification, epistemic
a priori
— see
a priori
justification and knowledge
coherentist theories of
(Erik Olsson)
foundationalist theories of
(Ali Hasan and Richard Fumerton)
internalist vs. externalist conceptions of
(George Pappas)
reliabilism — see
reliabilist epistemology
transmission of — see
transmission of justification and warrant
justification, political
public
(Kevin Vallier)
K
[jump to top]
Kant, Immanuel
(Michael Rohlf)
account of reason
(Garrath Williams)
aesthetics and teleology
(Hannah Ginsborg)
conceptualism/nonconceptualism
(Colin McLear)
critique of metaphysics
(Michelle Grier)
and Hume on causality
(Graciela De Pierris and Michael Friedman)
and Hume on morality
(Eric Entrican Wilson and Lara Denis)
and Leibniz
(Catherine Wilson)
moral philosophy
(Robert Johnson and Adam Cureton)
philosophical development
(Martin Schönfeld and Michael Thompson)
philosophy of mathematics
(Lisa Shabel)
philosophy of religion
(Lawrence Pasternack and Courtney Fugate)
philosophy of science
(Eric Watkins and Marius Stan)
social and political philosophy
(Frederick Rauscher)
theory of judgment
(Robert Hanna)
transcendental arguments
(Derk Pereboom)
transcendental idealism
(Nicholas F. Stang)
view of mind and consciousness of self
(Andrew Brook and Julian Wuerth)
views on space and time
(Andrew Janiak)
Kaspi, Joseph
(Hannah Kasher and Moshe Kahan)
Kepler, Johannes
(Daniel A. Di Liscia)
Kierkegaard, Søren
(John Lippitt and C. Stephen Evans)
killing vs. letting die — see
doing vs. allowing harm
Kilvington, Richard
(Elzbieta Jung)
Kilwardby, Robert
(José Filipe Silva)
knowledge
analysis of
(Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa and Matthias Steup)
a priori
— see
a priori
justification and knowledge
by acquaintance vs. description
(Ali Hasan and Richard Fumerton)
self- — see
self-knowledge
knowledge, value of
(Duncan Pritchard, John Turri, and J. Adam Carter)
knowledge how
(Carlotta Pavese)
Kochen-Specker theorem — see
quantum mechanics: Kochen-Specker theorem
Kokugaku (Native Japan Studies) School — see
Japanese Philosophy: Kokugaku School
Korean Philosophy
(Halla Kim)
Confucianism
(Kevin N. Cawley)
Kuhn, Thomas
(Alexander Bird)
Kumārila
(Daniel Arnold)
Kūkai — see
Japanese Philosophy: Kūkai
L
[jump to top]
Lacan, Jacques
(Adrian Johnston)
La Forge, Louis de
(Andrea Sangiacomo and Desmond Clarke)
Lakatos, Imre
(Alan Musgrave and Charles Pigden)
lambda calculus, the
(Jesse Alama and Johannes Korbmacher)
Lambert of Auxerre
(Sara L. Uckelman)
Lange, Friedrich Albert
(Nadeem J. Z. Hussain and Lydia Patton)
language of thought hypothesis
(Michael Rescorla)
Laozi
(Alan Chan)
large cardinals and determinacy — see
set theory: large cardinals and determinacy
Latin American Philosophy
(Jorge Gracia and Manuel Vargas)
analytic philosophy in
(Diana Ines Perez and Santiago Echeverri)
epistemology — see
epistemology: in Latin America
feminism — see
feminist philosophy, approaches: Latin American feminism
liberalism — see
liberalism: in Latin America
metaphilosophical foundations
(Susana Nuccetelli)
philosophy of biology — see
philosophy of biology: in Latin America
philosophy of science — see
philosophy of science: in Latin America
skepticism — see
skepticism: in Latin America
Latinx Philosophy
(Manuel Vargas)
law
and ideology
(Christine Sypnowich)
and language
(Timothy Endicott)
limits of — see
limits of law
nature of — see
nature of law: natural law theories
rule of — see
rule of law and procedural fairness
laws of nature
(John W. Carroll)
ceteris paribus
(Alexander Reutlinger, Gerhard Schurz, Andreas Hüttemann, and Siegfried Jaag)
learning, perceptual
(Kevin Connolly)
learning theory, formal
(Oliver Schulte)
Lefèvre d’Étaples, Jacques
(Richard J. Oosterhoff)
legal interpretation
(Mark Greenberg)
legal obligation and authority
(Massimo Renzo and Leslie Green)
legal philosophy
economic analysis of law
(Lewis Kornhauser)
legal positivism — see
nature of law: legal positivism
legal probabilism
(Rafal Urbaniak and Marcello Di Bello)
legal punishment — see
punishment, legal
legal reasoning
interpretation and coherence in
(Julie Dickson)
precedent and analogy in
(Grant Lamond)
legal rights
(Ori Herstein)
legitimacy, political
(Fabienne Peter)
Le Grand, Antoine
(Patricia Easton)
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm
(Brandon C. Look)
ethics
(Andrew Youpa)
Exoteric Philosophy
(John Whipple)
influence on 19th century logic
(Volker Peckhaus)
modal metaphysics
(Brandon C. Look)
on causation
(Marc Bobro)
on the problem of evil
(Michael J. Murray, Sean Greenberg, and Thomas Feeney)
philosophy of mind
(Mark Kulstad and Laurence Carlin)
philosophy of physics
(Jeffrey K. McDonough)
Leibowitz, Yeshayahu
(Daniel Rynhold)
Leone Ebreo — see
Abrabanel, Judah
Leśniewski, Stanisław
(Peter Simons)
Leucippus
(Sylvia Berryman)
levels of organization in biology
(Markus I. Eronen and Daniel Stephen Brooks)
Levinas, Emmanuel
(Bettina Bergo)
Lewis, Clarence Irving
(Bruce Hunter)
Lewis, David
(Brian Weatherson)
metaphysics
(Ned Hall, Brian Rabern, and Wolfgang Schwarz)
liar paradox
(Jc Beall, Michael Glanzberg, and David Ripley)
liberal feminism — see
feminist philosophy, interventions: liberal feminism
liberalism
(Shane D. Courtland, Gerald Gaus, and David Schmidtz)
in Latin America
(Faviola Rivera)
liberation, philosophy of
(Eduardo Mendieta)
libertarianism
(Bas van der Vossen and Billy Christmas)
liberty
positive and negative
(Ian Carter)
life
(Carlos Mariscal)
meaning of
(Thaddeus Metz)
lifeworld — see
Husserl, Edmund
limits of law
(John Stanton-Ife)
linear logic — see
logic: linear
linguistics
computational
(Lenhart Schubert)
philosophy of
(Barbara C. Scholz, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Geoffrey K. Pullum, and Ryan Nefdt)
Lipsius, Justus
(Jan Papy)
living wills — see
advance directives
Llull, Ramon
(Ernesto Priani)
location and mereology
(Cody Gilmore, Claudio Calosi, and Damiano Costa)
Locke, Alain LeRoy
(Jacoby Adeshei Carter and Corey Barnes)
Locke, John
(William Uzgalis)
moral philosophy
(Patricia Sheridan)
on freedom
(Samuel Rickless)
on personal identity
(Jessica Gordon-Roth)
on real essence
(Jan-Erik Jones)
philosophy of science
(Hylarie Kochiras)
political philosophy
(Alex Tuckness)
logic
action
(Krister Segerberg, John-Jules Meyer, and Marcus Kracht)
algebraic propositional
(Ramon Jansana)
ancient
(Susanne Bobzien)
of belief revision
(Sven Ove Hansson)
classical
(Stewart Shapiro and Teresa Kouri Kissel)
combinatory
(Katalin Bimbó)
combining
(Walter Carnielli and Marcelo Esteban Coniglio)
conditionals
(Paul Egré and Hans Rott)
connexive
(Heinrich Wansing)
deontic
(Paul McNamara and Frederik Van De Putte)
dependence
(Pietro Galliani)
dialogical
(Nicolas Clerbout and Zoe McConaughey)
dynamic epistemic
(Alexandru Baltag and Bryan Renne)
epistemic
(Rasmus Rendsvig, John Symons, and Yanjing Wang)
for analyzing games
(Johan van Benthem and Dominik Klein)
for analyzing power in normal form games
(Paolo Turrini and Thomas Ågotnes)
free
(John Nolt)
fuzzy
(Petr Cintula, Christian G. Fermüller, and Carles Noguera)
and games
(Wilfrid Hodges and Jouko Väänänen)
hybrid
(Torben Braüner)
in classical Indian philosophy — see
Indian Philosophy (Classical): logic
independence friendly
(Tero Tulenheimo)
inductive
(James Hawthorne)
infinitary
(John L. Bell)
informal
(Leo Groarke)
and information
(Maricarmen Martinez and Sebastian Sequoiah-Grayson)
intensional
(Melvin Fitting)
intuitionistic
(Joan Moschovakis)
justification
(Sergei Artemov and Melvin Fitting)
linear
(Roberto Di Cosmo and Dale Miller)
logic-based artificial intelligence — see
artificial intelligence: logic-based
many-sorted
(María Manzano and Víctor Aranda)
many-valued
(Siegfried Gottwald)
of mass expressions — see
mass expressions: logic of
modal
(James Garson)
natural deduction systems in — see
natural deduction systems in logic
non-monotonic
(Christian Strasser and G. Aldo Antonelli)
paraconsistent
(Graham Priest, Koji Tanaka, and Zach Weber)
and probability
(Lorenz Demey, Barteld Kooi, and Joshua Sack)
propositional
(Curtis Franks)
propositional dynamic
(Nicolas Troquard and Philippe Balbiani)
provability
(Rineke (L.C.) Verbrugge)
relevance
(Edwin Mares)
second-order and higher-order
(Jouko Väänänen)
sentence connectives in — see
connectives: sentence connectives in formal logic
substructural
(Greg Restall)
temporal
(Valentin Goranko and Antje Rumberg)
logic, history of
first-order logic
(William Ewald)
intuitionistic logic
(Mark van Atten)
modal logic
(Roberta Ballarin)
proof theory — see
proof theory: development of
set theory, early — see
set theory: early development
logic, normative status of
(Florian Steinberger)
logical atomism
Russell’s
(Kevin Klement)
Wittgenstein’s — see
Wittgenstein, Ludwig: logical atomism
logical consequence
(Jc Beall, Greg Restall, and Gil Sagi)
algebraic propositional logic — see
logic: algebraic propositional
logical constants
(John MacFarlane)
logical constructions
(Bernard Linsky)
logical empiricism — see
empiricism: logical
logical form
(Paul Pietroski)
logical pluralism
(Gillian Russell and Christopher Blake-Turner)
logical truth
(Mario Gómez-Torrente)
logic and ontology
(Thomas Hofweber)
logicism and neologicism
(Neil Tennant)
Lotze, Hermann
(David Sullivan)
love
(Bennett Helm)
loyalty
(John Kleinig)
luck
justice and bad luck
(Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen)
moral
(Dana K. Nelkin)
Lucretius
(Simon Trépanier)
Lukács, Georg [György]
(Titus Stahl)
Łukasiewicz, Jan
(Peter Simons)
Luther, Martin
(Robert Stern)
influence on philosophy
(Robert Stern)
Luxemburg, Rosa
(Lea Ypi)
Lvov-Warsaw School
(Jan Woleński)
lying and deception
definition of
(James Edwin Mahon)
Lyotard, Jean François
(Peter Gratton)
M
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Macaulay, Catharine
(Karen Green)
Mach, Ernst
(Paul Pojman)
Machiavelli, Niccolò
(Cary Nederman)
macroevolution, philosophy of
(Derek Turner and Joyce C. Havstad)
Madhyamaka
(Richard Hayes)
Maimon, Salomon
(Peter Thielke and Yitzhak Y. Melamed)
Maimonides
(Kenneth Seeskin)
the influence of Islamic thought on
(Sarah Pessin)
Malebranche, Nicolas
(Tad Schmaltz)
theory of emotion — see
emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
theory of ideas and vision in God
(Lawrence Nolan)
Mally, Ernst
(Alexander Hieke and Gerhard Zecha)
deontic logic
(Gert-Jan Lokhorst)
Mandeville, Bernard
(Mikko Tolonen and Robin Douglass)
manipulation, ethics of
(Robert Noggle)
many, problem of
(Brian Weatherson)
Marcel, Gabriel (-Honoré)
(Brian Treanor and Brendan Sweetman)
Marcus, Ruth Barcan
(Roberta Ballarin)
Marcus Aurelius
(Rachana Kamtekar)
Marcuse, Herbert
(Arnold Farr)
Marinella, Lucrezia
(Marguerite Deslauriers)
Maritain, Jacques
(William Sweet)
markets
(Lisa Herzog)
marriage and domestic partnership
(Elizabeth Brake)
Marsilius of Inghen
(Maarten Hoenen)
Marty, Anton
(Robin Rollinger and Hynek Janousek)
Marx, Karl
(Jonathan Wolff and David Leopold)
Marxism, analytical
(David Leopold)
Masham, Lady Damaris
(Sarah Hutton)
mass/energy equivalence — see
equivalence of mass and energy
mass expressions
logic of
(David Nicolas)
metaphysics of
(Mark Steen)
material constitution
(Ryan Wasserman)
materialism — see
physicalism
eliminative
(William Ramsey)
mathematical
explanation
(Paolo Mancosu, Francesca Poggiolesi, and Christopher Pincock)
style — see
style: in mathematics
mathematics
constructive
(Douglas Bridges, Erik Palmgren, and Hajime Ishihara)
inconsistent
(Chris Mortensen)
non-deductive methods in
(Alan Baker)
mathematics, foundations of
Dedekind’s contributions to — see
Dedekind, Richard: contributions to the foundations of mathematics
Hilbert’s program — see
Hilbert, David: program in the foundations of mathematics
mathematics, philosophy of
(Leon Horsten)
fictionalism
(Mark Balaguer)
formalism
(Alan Weir)
indispensability arguments in the
(Mark Colyvan)
intuitionism
(Rosalie Iemhoff)
Kant — see
Kant, Immanuel: philosophy of mathematics
naturalism
(Alexander Paseau)
nominalism
(Otávio Bueno)
Platonism
(Øystein Linnebo)
structuralism
(Erich Reck and Georg Schiemer)
Wittgenstein — see
Wittgenstein, Ludwig: philosophy of mathematics
McTaggart, John M. E.
(Kris McDaniel)
Mead, George Herbert
(Mitchell Aboulafia and Scott Taylor)
meaning
normativity of
(Kathrin Glüer, Åsa Wikforss, and Marianna Ganapini)
of words
(Luca Gasparri and Diego Marconi)
meaning, theories of
(Jeff Speaks)
meaning holism
(Henry Jackman)
means, treating persons as — see
treating persons as means
measurement
in science
(Eran Tal)
mechanism in science
(Carl Craver and James Tabery)
medicine, philosophy of
(Julian Reiss and Rachel A. Ankeny)
medicine: Chinese philosophy — see
Chinese Philosophy: Chinese medicine
medieval philosophy
(John Marenbon)
literary forms of
(Eileen Sweeney)
political — see
political philosophy: medieval
medieval theories of
analogy — see
analogy: medieval theories of
categories — see
categories: medieval theories of
causation — see
causation: medieval theories of
conscience — see
conscience: medieval theories of
consequence — see
consequence, medieval theories of
demonstration — see
demonstration: medieval theories of
emotion — see
emotion: medieval theories of
future contingents — see
future contingents: medieval theories of
haecceity — see
haecceity: medieval theories of
mental representation — see
mental representation: in medieval philosophy
modality — see
modality: medieval theories of
obligationes
— see
obligationes
, medieval theories of
practical reason — see
practical reason: medieval theories of
properties of terms — see
terms, properties of: medieval theories of
relations — see
relations: medieval theories of
singular terms — see
singular terms: medieval theories of
syllogism — see
syllogism: medieval theories of
transcendentals — see
transcendentals, medieval theories of
Meinong, Alexius
(Johann Marek)
Meister Eckhart
(Amber L. Griffioen)
memory
(Kourken Michaelian and John Sutton)
epistemological problems of
(Matthew Frise)
Mencius
(Bryan Van Norden)
Mendelssohn, Moses
(Daniel Dahlstrom)
mental causation
(David Robb, John Heil, and Sophie Gibb)
mental content
causal theories of
(Fred Adams and Ken Aizawa)
externalism about the mind — see
externalism about the mind
narrow
(Curtis Brown)
nonconceptual
(José Bermúdez and Arnon Cahen)
teleological theories of
(Peter Schulte and Karen Neander)
mental disorder
(Jennifer Radden)
mental illness — see
mental disorder
mental imagery
(Bence Nanay)
mental representation
(David Pitt)
in medieval philosophy
(Henrik Lagerlund)
mereology
(Achille Varzi)
and location — see
location and mereology
medieval
(Andrew Arlig)
meritocracy
(Thomas Mulligan)
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice
(Ted Toadvine)
Mersenne, Marin
(Philippe Hamou)
metaepistemology
(J. Adam Carter and Ernest Sosa)
metaethics
(Geoff Sayre-McCord)
metaethics, normativity in
(David Copp and Justin Morton)
metaphor
(David Hills)
metaphysical explanation
(Andrew Brenner, Anna-Sofia Maurin, Alexander Skiles, Robin Stenwall, and Naomi Thompson)
metaphysics
(Peter van Inwagen, Meghan Sullivan, and Sara Bernstein)
metaphysics in the 16th century
Francisco Suárez — see
Suárez, Francisco
methodological holism in the social sciences
(Julie Zahle)
Mexico
philosophy in
(Guillermo Hurtado and Robert Eli Sanchez, Jr.)
microbiology, philosophy of
(Maureen A. O’Malley and Emily C. Parke)
Mill, Harriet Taylor
(Dale E. Miller)
Mill, James
(Terence Ball and Antis Loizides)
Mill, John Stuart
(Christopher Macleod)
moral and political philosophy
(David Brink)
mind
computational theory of
(Michael Rescorla)
in Chinese Philosophy — see
Chinese Philosophy: mind (heart-mind)
in Indian Buddhist Philosophy
(Christian Coseru)
modularity of
(Philip Robbins)
mind/brain identity theory
(J. J. C. Smart)
miracles
(Timothy McGrew and Robert Larmer)
modal epistemology — see
modality: epistemology of
modality
Descartes and — see
Descartes, René: modal metaphysics
epistemology of
(Antonella Mallozzi, Anand Vaidya, and Michael Wallner)
impossible worlds — see
impossible worlds
Leibniz and — see
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm: modal metaphysics
medieval theories of
(Simo Knuuttila)
modal fictionalism — see
fictionalism: modal
necessary and sufficient conditions — see
necessary and sufficient conditions
possible objects — see
possible objects
possible worlds — see
possible worlds
Spinoza and — see
Spinoza, Baruch: modal metaphysics
varieties of
(Boris Kment)
modal logic — see
logic: modal
modern origins — see
logic, history of: modal logic
philosophical aspects of multi-modal logic — see
multi-modal logic, philosophical aspects of
modeling in the philosophy of science, agent-based
(Dunja Šešelja)
models in science
(Roman Frigg and Stephan Hartmann)
model theory
(Wilfrid Hodges)
first-order
(Wilfrid Hodges and Thomas Scanlon)
modesty and humility
(Nicolas Bommarito)
Mohism — see
Chinese Philosophy: Mohism
Mohist Canons — see
Chinese Philosophy: Mohist Canons
molecular biology
(Tudor Baetu, Monika Piotrowska, and James Tabery)
Molyneux’s problem
(Marjolein Degenaar and Gert-Jan Lokhorst)
money and finance, philosophy of
(Boudewijn de Bruin, Lisa Herzog, Martin O’Neill, and Joakim Sandberg)
monism
(Jonathan Schaffer)
anomalous — see
anomalous monism
neutral — see
neutral monism
Russellian
(Torin Alter and Derk Pereboom)
monotheism
(William Wainwright)
Montaigne, Michel de
(Marc Foglia and Emiliano Ferrari)
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de
(Hilary Bok)
Moore, George Edward
(Tom Baldwin)
moral philosophy
(Thomas Hurka)
moral/conventional distinction
(Edouard Machery and Stephen Stich)
moral anti-realism
(Richard Joyce)
moral character — see
character, moral
moral cognition, psychology of — see
normative cognition, psychology of
moral cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism — see
cognitivism vs. non-cognitivism, moral
moral decision-making under uncertainty
(Christian Tarsney, Teruji Thomas, and William MacAskill)
moral dilemmas
(Terrance McConnell)
moral disagreement
(Folke Tersman)
moral epistemology
(Richmond Campbell)
a priorism in
(Michael DePaul and Amelia Hicks)
moral generalism — see
moral particularism: and moral generalism
moral intuitionism
(Philip Stratton-Lake)
morality
and evolutionary biology
(William FitzPatrick)
morality, definition of
(Bernard Gert and Joshua Gert)
moral luck — see
luck: moral
moral motivation
(Connie S. Rosati)
moral naturalism — see
naturalism: moral
moral non-naturalism
(Michael Ridge)
moral particularism
(Jonathan Dancy)
and moral generalism
(Michael Ridge and Sean McKeever)
moral phenomenology — see
phenomenology: moral
moral psychology
empirical approaches
(John Doris, Stephen Stich, Jonathan Phillips, and Lachlan Walmsley)
moral realism
(Geoff Sayre-McCord)
moral reasoning — see
reasoning: moral
moral relativism
(Chris Gowans)
moral responsibility
(Matthew Talbert)
the epistemic condition
(Fernando Rudy-Hiller)
principle of alternative possibilities
(David Robb)
moral sentimentalism
(Antti Kauppinen)
moral skepticism
(Walter Sinnott-Armstrong)
moral status
of animals — see
animals, moral status of
moral status, grounds of
(Agnieszka Jaworska and Julie Tannenbaum)
moral theory
(Julia Driver)
More, Henry
(John Henry)
More, Thomas
(Gerard B. Wegemer)
motivation
moral — see
moral motivation
Mulla Sadra
(Sajjad Rizvi)
multi-modal logic, philosophical aspects of
(Sonja Smets and Fernando Velázquez-Quesada)
multiculturalism
(Sarah Song)
multiple realizability
(John Bickle)
Murdoch, Iris
(Lawrence Blum)
music
history of western philosophy of, antiquity to 1800
(Matteo Ravasio)
history of western philosophy of, since 1800
(Matteo Ravasio)
music, philosophy of
(Andrew Kania)
mysticism
(Richard Jones and Jerome Gellman)
myths, Plato’s — see
Plato: myths
N
[jump to top]
Nāgārjuna
(Jan Christoph Westerhoff)
names
(Sam Cumming)
nationalism
(Nenad Miscevic)
Native Japan Studies (Kokugaku) School — see
Japanese Philosophy: Kokugaku School
Natorp, Paul
(Alan Kim)
natural deduction systems in logic
(Francis Jeffry Pelletier and Allen Hazen)
naturalism
(David Papineau)
in epistemology — see
epistemology: naturalism in
in legal philosophy
(Brian Leiter and Matthew X. Etchemendy)
in the philosophy of mathematics — see
mathematics, philosophy of: naturalism
moral
(Matthew Lutz)
natural kinds
(Alexander Bird and Emma Tobin)
natural language ontology — see
ontology, natural language
natural law
tradition in ethics — see
ethics: natural law tradition
natural philosophy
in the Renaissance
(Eva Del Soldato)
natural selection
(Peter Gildenhuys)
units and levels of
(Elisabeth Lloyd)
nature of law
(Andrei Marmor and Alexander Sarch)
interpretivist theories
(Nicos Stavropoulos)
legal positivism
(Leslie Green and Thomas Adams)
natural law theories
(John Finnis)
pure theory of law
(Andrei Marmor)
Navya-Nyāya — see
Early Modern India, analytic philosophy in
necessary and sufficient conditions
(Andrew Brennan)
necessary beings
and God — see
God: and other necessary beings
needs, in moral and political philosophy
(Gillian Brock and David Miller)
negation
(Laurence R. Horn and Heinrich Wansing)
Négritude
(Souleymane Bachir Diagne)
Neo-Daoism
(Alan Chan)
neo-Kantianism
(Jeremy Heis)
neoliberalism
(Kevin Vallier)
Neoplatonism
(Christian Wildberg)
Neurath, Otto
(Jordi Cat)
neuroethics
(Adina Roskies)
neuroscience, philosophy of
(John Bickle, Peter Mandik, and Anthony Landreth)
neutral monism
(Leopold Stubenberg and Donovan Wishon)
Newton, Isaac
(George Smith)
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
(George Smith)
philosophy
(Andrew Janiak)
views on space, time, and motion
(Robert Rynasiewicz)
Nicholas of Autrecourt [de Altricuria, Autricuria, Ultricuria, Autricort]
(Hans Thijssen)
Nicolas of Cusa — see
Cusanus, Nicolaus
Nietzsche, Friedrich
(R. Lanier Anderson)
life and works
(Robert Wicks)
moral and political philosophy
(Brian Leiter)
Nishida Kitarō
(John C. Maraldo)
noema
— see
Husserl, Edmund
nominalism
in metaphysics
(Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra)
in the philosophy of mathematics — see
mathematics, philosophy of: nominalism
non-naturalism, moral — see
moral non-naturalism
nonconceptual content — see
mental content: nonconceptual
nonexistent objects
(Maria Reicher)
nonidentity problem
(M. A. Roberts)
normal form games
logics for analyzing power in — see
logic: for analyzing power in normal form games
normative cognition, psychology of
(Daniel Kelly and Stephen Setman)
normativity
logic — see
logic, normative status of
meaning — see
meaning: normativity of
metaethics — see
metaethics, normativity in
norms of cooperation — see
social norms
Norris, John
(June Yang)
nothingness
(Roy Sorensen)
Novalis [Georg Friedrich Philipp von Hardenberg]
(Kristin Gjesdal)
Nozick, Robert
political philosophy
(Eric Mack)
Numenius
(George Karamanolis)
O
[jump to top]
Oakeshott, Michael
(Terry Nardin)
object
(Bradley Rettler and Andrew M. Bailey)
objectivity
scientific — see
scientific objectivity
obligation
legal — see
legal obligation and authority
obligationes
, medieval theories of
(Mikko Yrjönsuuri)
obligations
special
(Diane Jeske)
obligations to oneself
(Daniel Muñoz)
occasionalism
(Sukjae Lee)
Ockham [Occam], William
(Paul Vincent Spade and Claude Panaccio)
Olivi, Peter John
(Robert Pasnau and Juhana Toivanen)
Olympiodorus
(Christian Wildberg)
omnipotence
(Joshua Hoffman and Gary Rosenkrantz)
omnipresence
(Edward Wierenga)
omniscience
(Edward Wierenga)
ontological arguments
(Graham Oppy, Joshua Rasmussen, and Joseph Schmid)
ontological commitment
(Phillip Bricker)
ontological dependence — see
dependence, ontological
ontology
social — see
social ontology
ontology, natural language
(Friederike Moltmann)
ontology of art, history of
(Paisley Livingston)
operationalism
(Hasok Chang)
ordinary objects
(Daniel Z. Korman)
Oresme, Nicole
(Stefan Kirschner)
Origen
(Mark J. Edwards)
original position
(Samuel Freeman)
Ortega y Gasset, José
(Oliver Holmes)
other minds
(Anita Avramides)
ownership, property and — see
property and ownership
P
[jump to top]
pacifism
(Andrew Fiala)
pain
(Murat Aydede)
Paine, Thomas
(Mark Philp)
panentheism
(John Culp)
panpsychism
(Philip Goff, William Seager, and Sean Allen-Hermanson)
pantheism
(William Mander)
paradox
Curry’s — see
Curry’s paradox
Fitch’s paradox of knowability — see
Fitch’s paradox of knowability
of the liar — see
liar paradox
Russell’s paradox — see
Russell’s paradox
Simpson’s paradox — see
Simpson’s paradox
Skolem’s
(Timothy Bays)
St. Petersburg paradox — see
St. Petersburg paradox
of suspense — see
suspense, paradox of
Zeno’s paradoxes — see
Zeno of Elea: Zeno’s paradoxes
and contemporary logic
(Andrea Cantini and Riccardo Bruni)
epistemic — see
epistemic paradoxes
parenthood and procreation
(Elizabeth Brake and Joseph Millum)
Parmenides
(John Palmer)
part/whole — see
mereology
Pascal, Blaise
(Desmond Clarke and William Wood)
Pascal’s wager
(Alan Hájek)
paternalism
(Gerald Dworkin)
patriotism
(Igor Primoratz)
Patrizi, Francesco
(Fred Purnell)
Paul of Venice
(Alessandro Conti)
Peirce, Benjamin
(Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Alison Walsh)
Peirce, Charles Sanders
(Robert Burch)
logic
(Sun-Joo Shin)
theory of signs
(Albert Atkin)
Penbygull, William
(Alessandro Conti)
perception
action-based theories — see
action-based theories of perception
auditory
(Casey O’Callaghan)
the contents of
(Susanna Siegel)
the disjunctive theory of
(Matthew Soteriou)
epistemological problems of
(Jack Lyons)
experience and justification
(Nicholas Silins)
the problem of
(Tim Crane and Craig French)
perceptual learning — see
learning, perceptual
Pereira, Gómez
(José Manuel García Valverde)
perfectionism, in moral and political philosophy
(Steven Wall)
persistence — see
temporal parts
personal identity
(Eric T. Olson)
and ethics
(David Shoemaker)
personalism
(Thomas D. Williams and Jan Olof Bengtsson)
personal relationship goods
(Anca Gheaus)
personhood
in classical Indian Philosophy — see
Indian Philosophy (Classical): personhood
persons — see
personal identity
persons, treating as means — see
treating persons as means
Peter of Spain [= Petrus Hispanus]
(Joke Spruyt)
Petrizi, Joane
(Tengiz Iremadze)
phenomenal intentionality — see
intentionality: phenomenal
phenomenology
(David Woodruff Smith)
moral
(John Drummond and Mark Timmons)
of the Munich and Göttingen Circles
(Alessandro Salice)
Philip the Chancellor
(Colleen McCluskey and Anthony Celano)
Philodemus
(David Blank)
Philolaus
(Carl Huffman)
Philo of Alexandria
(Carlos Lévy)
Philo of Larissa
(Charles Brittain and Peter Osorio)
Philoponus
(Christian Wildberg)
philosophy of biology
in Latin America
(Pablo Lorenzano)
philosophy of science
in Latin America
(Olimpia Lombardi, Alberto Cordero, and Ana Rosa Pérez Ransanz)
Philo the Dialectician — see
Dialectical School
phylogenetic inference
(Matt Haber and Joel Velasco)
physicalism
(Daniel Stoljar)
physics
experiment in
(Allan Franklin and Slobodan Perovic)
holism and nonseparability
(Richard Healey and Henrique Gomes)
intertheory relations in
(Patricia Palacios)
quantum field theory — see
quantum theory: quantum field theory
structuralism in
(Heinz-Juergen Schmidt)
symmetry and symmetry breaking
(Katherine Brading, Elena Castellani, and Nicholas Teh)
physis
and
nomos
— see
Sophists, The
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni
(Brian Copenhaver)
pineal gland — see
Descartes, René: and the pineal gland
Plato
(Richard Kraut)
aesthetics
(Nickolas Pappas)
Callicles and Thrasymachus
(Rachel Barney)
Cratylus
(David Meißner)
ethics
(Dorothea Frede and Mi-Kyoung Lee)
ethics and politics in
The Republic
(Eric Brown)
friendship and eros
(C. D. C. Reeve)
method and metaphysics in the
Sophist
and
Statesman
(Mary-Louise Gill)
middle period metaphysics and epistemology
(Allan Silverman)
myths
(Catalin Partenie)
on knowledge in the
Theaetetus
(Sophie-Grace Chappell)
on utopia
(Chris Bobonich and Katherine Meadows)
Parmenides
(Samuel Rickless)
rhetoric and poetry
(Charles L. Griswold)
shorter ethical works
(Paul Woodruff)
Timaeus
(Donald Zeyl and Barbara Sattler)
Platonism
in metaphysics
(Mark Balaguer)
in the philosophy of mathematics — see
mathematics, philosophy of: Platonism
pleasure
(Leonard D. Katz)
Plotinus
(Lloyd Gerson)
pluralism
religious — see
religious diversity
plurality of forms — see
binarium famosissimum
plural quantification
(Øystein Linnebo)
Plutarch
(George Karamanolis)
Poincaré, Henri
(Gerhard Heinzmann and David Stump)
Polgar, Isaac — see
Polqar, Isaac
political obligation
(Richard Dagger and David Lefkowitz)
political philosophy
ancient
(Melissa Lane)
medieval
(John Kilcullen and Jonathan Robinson)
political realism
in international relations
(W. Julian Korab-Karpowicz)
political theory and religion — see
religion: and political theory
Polqar, Isaac
(Racheli Haliva)
Pomponazzi, Pietro
(Craig Martin)
Popper, Karl
(Stephen Thornton)
population genetics — see
genetics: population
pornography
and censorship
(Caroline West)
Porphyry
(Eyjólfur Emilsson)
Porta, Giambattista della
(Sergius Kodera)
Port Royal Logic
(Alan Nelson and Jill Buroker)
possibilism-actualism debate
(Christopher Menzel)
possible objects
(Takashi Yagisawa)
possible worlds
(Christopher Menzel)
postmodernism
(Gary Aylesworth)
Poulain de la Barre, François
(Martina Reuter)
poverty of the stimulus argument — see
innateness: and language
practical reason
(R. Jay Wallace)
medieval theories of
(Anthony Celano)
and the structure of actions
(Elijah Millgram)
pragmatic arguments and belief in God
(Jeff Jordan)
pragmatics
(Kepa Korta and John Perry)
defaults in — see
defaults in semantics and pragmatics
pragmatism
(Catherine Legg and Christopher Hookway)
prayer
petitionary
(Scott A. Davison)
predicate calculus — see
logic: classical
prediction versus accommodation
(Eric Christian Barnes)
predictivism — see
prediction versus accommodation
preferences
(Sven Ove Hansson and Till Grüne-Yanoff)
pregnancy, birth, and medicine
(Quill R Kukla, Teresa Baron, and Katherine Wayne)
prenatal testing and screening — see
eugenics
presentism
(David Ingram and Jonathan Tallant)
Presocratic Philosophy
(Patricia Curd)
presupposition
(David I. Beaver, Bart Geurts, and Kristie Denlinger)
Price, Henry Habberley
(Arthur Schipper and Paul Snowdon)
Price, Richard
(David McNaughton)
Prichard, Harold Arthur
(Jonathan Dancy)
primary and secondary qualities in early modern philosophy
(Martha Bolton)
Principia Mathematica
(Bernard Linsky and Andrew David Irvine)
notation in
(Bernard Linsky)
principle of sufficient reason
(Yitzhak Y. Melamed and Martin Lin)
Prior, Arthur
(B. Jack Copeland)
prisoner’s dilemma
(Steven Kuhn)
privacy
(Beate Roessler and Judith DeCew)
and information technology — see
information technology: and privacy
and medicine — see
ethics, biomedical: privacy and medicine
private language
(Stewart Candlish and George Wrisley)
probabilities, imprecise
(Seamus Bradley)
probabilities, indeterminate — see
probabilities, imprecise
probability, in medieval and Renaissance philosophy
(Rudolf Schuessler)
probability, interpretations of
(Alan Hájek)
probability and logic — see
logic: and probability
procedural fairness — see
rule of law and procedural fairness
process philosophy
(Johanna Seibt)
process theism
(Donald Viney)
Proclus
(Christoph Helmig and Carlos Steel)
procreation — see
parenthood and procreation
Prodicus — see
Sophists, The
progress
(Agnes Tam and Margaret Meek Lange)
promises
(Allen Habib)
proof theory
(Michael Rathjen and Wilfried Sieg)
development of
(Jan von Plato)
properties
(Francesco Orilia and Michele Paolini Paoletti)
emergent — see
emergent properties
essential vs. accidental — see
essential vs. accidental properties
natural
(Cian Dorr)
property
intellectual
(Adam Moore and Ken Himma)
property and ownership
(Jeremy Waldron)
prophecy
(Scott A. Davison)
propositional attitude reports
(Michael Nelson)
propositional function
(Edwin Mares)
propositional logic — see
logic: propositional
propositions
(Matthew McGrath and Devin Frank)
singular
(Greg Fitch and Michael Nelson)
structured
(Jeffrey C. King)
Protagoras
(Mauro Bonazzi)
providence, divine
(Hugh J. McCann and Daniel M. Johnson)
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
(Kevin Corrigan and L. Michael Harrington)
pseudo-science, science and — see
science: and pseudo-science
psyche
— see
soul, ancient theories of
psychiatry, philosophy of
(Dominic Murphy)
psychologism
(Martin Kusch)
psychology
evolutionary
(Stephen M. Downes)
public goods
(Julian Reiss)
public health
ethics
(Ruth Faden, Justin Bernstein, and Sirine Shebaya)
publicity
(Axel Gosseries and Tom Parr)
public reason
(Jonathan Quong)
Pufendorf, Samuel Freiherr von
moral and political philosophy
(Michael Seidler)
punishment, legal
(Zachary Hoskins and Antony Duff)
Pyrrho
(Richard Bett)
Pyrrhonism — see
skepticism: ancient
Pythagoras
(Carl Huffman)
Pythagoreanism
(Carl Huffman)
Q
[jump to top]
Qing philosophy — see
Chinese Philosophy: Qing philosophy
qualia
(Michael Tye)
inverted
(Alex Byrne)
knowledge argument
(Martine Nida-Rümelin and Donnchadh O Conaill)
quantifiers and quantification
(Gabriel Uzquiano)
quantum mechanics
(Jenann Ismael)
action at a distance in
(Joseph Berkovitz)
Bell’s Theorem — see
Bell’s Theorem
Bohmian mechanics
(Sheldon Goldstein)
collapse theories
(Giancarlo Ghirardi and Angelo Bassi)
consistent histories approach
(Robert B. Griffiths)
Copenhagen interpretation of
(Jan Faye)
Everettian
(Jeffrey Barrett)
Kochen-Specker theorem
(Carsten Held)
many-worlds interpretation of
(Lev Vaidman)
modal interpretations of
(Olimpia Lombardi and Dennis Dieks)
relational
(Federico Laudisa and Carlo Rovelli)
retrocausality
(Simon Friederich and Peter W. Evans)
the role of decoherence in
(Guido Bacciagaluppi)
quantum theory
Bayesian and pragmatist views
(Richard Healey)
and consciousness
(Harald Atmanspacher)
the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument in
(Arthur Fine and Thomas A. Ryckman)
identity and individuality in
(Steven French and Tomasz Bigaj)
and mathematical rigor
(Fred Kronz and Tracy Lupher)
the measurement problem — see
quantum theory: philosophical issues in
philosophical issues in
(Wayne Myrvold)
quantum computing
(Michael Cuffaro and Amit Hagar)
quantum entanglement and information
(Jeffrey Bub)
quantum field theory
(Meinard Kuhlmann)
quantum gravity
(Steven Weinstein and Dean Rickles)
quantum logic and probability theory
(Alexander Wilce)
uncertainty principle in — see
Uncertainty Principle
questions
(Charles Cross and Floris Roelofsen)
Quine, Willard Van Orman
(Peter Hylton and Gary Kemp)
indispensability argument — see
mathematics, philosophy of: indispensability arguments in the
New Foundations
(Thomas Forster)
quotation
(Herman Cappelen, Ernest Lepore, and Matthew McKeever)
R
[jump to top]
race
(Michael James and Adam Burgos)
critical philosophy of — see
critical philosophy of race
Radulphus Brito
(Ana María Mora-Márquez and Iacopo Costa)
Ramsey, Frank
(Fraser MacBride, Mathieu Marion, María José Frápolli, Dorothy Edgington, Edward Elliott, Sebastian Lutz, and Jeffrey Paris)
and intergenerational welfare economics
(Partha Dasgupta)
Ramus, Petrus
(Erland Sellberg)
Rand, Ayn
(Neera K. Badhwar and Roderick T. Long)
randomness
versus chance — see
chance: versus randomness
rational choice, normative
expected utility
(R. A. Briggs)
rivals to expected utility
(Lara Buchak)
rationalism vs. empiricism
(Peter Markie and M. Folescu)
rationality
Bayesian — see
epistemology: Bayesian
bounded — see
bounded rationality
epistemic foundations of game theory — see
game theory: epistemic foundations of
historicist theories of
(Thomas Nickles)
instrumental
(Niko Kolodny and John Brunero)
structural
(Benjamin Kiesewetter and Alex Worsnip)
Rawls, John
(Leif Wenar)
realism
(Alexander Miller)
challenges to metaphysical
(Drew Khlentzos)
moral — see
moral realism
political, in international relations — see
political realism: in international relations
scientific — see
scientific realism
structural — see
structural realism
and theory change in science
(Stathis Psillos)
reasoning
automated
(Frederic Portoraro)
by analogy — see
analogy and analogical reasoning
defeasible
(Robert Koons)
moral
(Henry S. Richardson)
reasons for action
agent-neutral vs. agent-relative
(Michael Ridge)
internal vs. external
(Stephen Finlay and Mark Schroeder)
justification, motivation, explanation
(Maria Alvarez)
recognition
(Mattias Iser)
reconciliation
(Linda Radzik and Colleen Murphy)
recursion — see
recursion
recursive functions
(Walter Dean and Alberto Naibo)
redistribution
(Christian Barry)
reduction, scientific
(Raphael van Riel and Robert Van Gulick)
in biology
(Ingo Brigandt and Alan Love)
in physics — see
physics: intertheory relations in
reference
(Eliot Michaelson)
reflective equilibrium
(Carl Knight)
Regius, Henricus
(Desmond Clarke and Erik-Jan Bos)
Rehberg, August Wilhelm
(Frederick C. Beiser)
Reichenbach, Hans
(Clark Glymour and Frederick Eberhardt)
common cause principle
(Christopher Hitchcock and Miklós Rédei)
Reid, Thomas
(Ryan Nichols and Gideon Yaffe)
ethics
(Terence Cuneo)
on memory and personal identity
(Rebecca Copenhaver)
Reinach, Adolf
(Alessandro Salice, James DuBois, and Barry Smith)
Reinhold, Karl Leonhard
(Dan Breazeale and John Walsh)
reism
(Jan Woleński)
relations
(Fraser MacBride)
medieval theories of
(Jeffrey Brower)
relativism
(Maria Baghramian and J. Adam Carter)
moral — see
moral relativism
reliabilist epistemology
(Alvin Goldman and Bob Beddor)
religion
concept of
(Kevin Schilbrack)
epistemology of
(Peter Forrest)
feminist philosophy of — see
feminist philosophy, interventions: philosophy of religion
and morality
(John Hare)
natural — see
theology, natural and natural religion
phenomenology of
(Mark Wynn)
philosophy of
(Charles Taliaferro)
and political theory
(Chris Eberle and Terence Cuneo)
and science
(Helen De Cruz)
religious diversity
(David Basinger)
religious experience
(Mark Webb)
religious language
(Michael Scott)
reparations, Black
(Bernard Boxill and J. Angelo Corlett)
replication and reproduction
(John S. Wilkins and Pierrick Bourrat)
representation, political
(Suzanne Dovi)
representation, scientific — see
scientific representation
reproducibility, scientific
(Fiona Fidler and John Wilcox)
republicanism
(Frank Lovett)
repugnant conclusion, the
(Gustaf Arrhenius, Jesper Ryberg, and Torbjörn Tännsjö)
resistance, imaginative — see
imaginative resistance
respect
(Robin S. Dillon)
responsibility
collective
(Marion Smiley)
retributive justice — see
justice: retributive
revelation, divine
(Mats Wahlberg)
reverse mathematics
(Benedict Eastaugh)
revolution
(Allen Buchanan and Alexander Motchoulski)
Richard the Sophister [
Ricardus Sophista, Magister abstractionum
]
(Paul Streveler)
Rickert, Heinrich
(Andrea Staiti and Luca Oliva)
Ricoeur, Paul
(David Pellauer and Bernard Dauenhauer)
rights
(Leif Wenar)
of children
(David William Archard)
civil — see
civil rights
group
(Peter Jones)
human
(James Nickel and Adam Etinson)
legal — see
legal rights
territorial — see
territorial rights and justice
rigid designators
(Joseph LaPorte)
risk
(Sven Ove Hansson)
robotics
ethics of — see
artificial intelligence: ethics of
role obligations — see
obligations: special
Rorty, Richard
(Bjørn Ramberg and Susan Dieleman)
Rosenstock-Huessy, Eugen
(Wayne Cristaudo)
Rosenzweig, Franz
(Benjamin Pollock)
Rosmini, Antonio
(Denis Cleary)
Ross, William David
(Anthony Skelton)
Rousseau, Jean Jacques
(Christopher Bertram)
Routley [Sylvan], Richard — see
Sylvan, Richard
Royce, Josiah
(Kelly A. Parker and Scott Pratt)
Rufus, Richard — see
Richard the Sophister
rule-following and intentionality
(Alexander Miller and Olivia Sultanescu)
rule consequentialism — see
consequentialism: rule
rule of law and procedural fairness
(Jeremy Waldron)
Russell, Bertrand
(Andrew David Irvine)
logical atomism — see
logical atomism: Russell’s
moral philosophy
(Charles Pigden)
Russell’s paradox
(Andrew David Irvine and Harry Deutsch)
Ryle, Gilbert
(Julia Tanney)
S
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Saadya [Saadiah]
(Sarah Pessin)
Śāntarakṣita
(James Blumenthal and James Apple)
Śāntideva
(Charles Goodman)
Sakya Paṇḍita [sa skya paṇ ḍi ta]
(Jonathan C. Gold)
sale of human organs
(Stephen Wilkinson)
Salmon, Wesley
(Maria Carla Galavotti)
Sanches, Francisco
(Rolando Pérez)
Śaṅkara
(Neil Dalal)
Santayana, George
(Herman Saatkamp and Martin Coleman)
Sartre, Jean-Paul
(Jack Reynolds and Pierre-Jean Renaudie)
scepticism — see
skepticism
Scheler, Max
(Zachary Davis and Anthony Steinbock)
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von
(Andrew Bowie)
schema
(John Corcoran and Idris Samawi Hamid)
Schiller, Friedrich
(Lydia L. Moland)
Schlegel, August Wilhelm von
(Katia D. Hay)
Schlegel, Friedrich
(Allen Speight)
Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel Ernst
(Michael Forster)
Schlick, Moritz
(Thomas Oberdan)
Schmitt, Carl
(Lars Vinx)
Scholem, Gershom
(Shaul Magid)
Scholz, Heinrich
(Volker Peckhaus)
School of Names
(Chris Fraser)
School of Salamanca
(Thomas Izbicki and Matthias Kaufmann)
Schopenhauer, Arthur
(Robert Wicks)
aesthetics
(Sandra Shapshay)
Schutz, Alfred
(Michael Barber)
science
models in — see
models in science
and pseudo-science
(Sven Ove Hansson)
theory and observation in
(Nora Mills Boyd and James Bogen)
unity of
(Jordi Cat)
scientific discovery
(Jutta Schickore)
scientific explanation
(James Woodward and Lauren Ross)
causal approaches to
(Lauren Ross and James Woodward)
scientific knowledge
social dimensions of
(Helen Longino)
scientific method
(Brian Hepburn and Hanne Andersen)
scientific objectivity
(Julian Reiss and Jan Sprenger)
scientific pluralism
(David Ludwig and Stéphanie Ruphy)
scientific progress
(Ilkka Niiniluoto)
scientific realism
(Anjan Chakravartty)
and theory change — see
realism: and theory change in science
scientific representation
(Roman Frigg and James Nguyen)
scientific research and big data
(Sabina Leonelli)
scientific revolutions
(Thomas Nickles)
scientific theories
incommensurability of — see
incommensurability: of scientific theories
structure of
(Rasmus Grønfeldt Winther)
underdetermination of — see
underdetermination, of scientific theories
Scottish Philosophy
in the 18th Century
(Alexander Broadie and Craig Smith)
in the 19th century
(Gordon Graham)
Scottus [Scotus] Eriugena [Erigena], John — see
Eriugena, John Scottus
Scotus, John Duns — see
Duns Scotus, John
Scudéry, Madeleine de
(John Conley)
search engines and ethics — see
ethics: search engines and
Sebond, Raymond — see
Montaigne, Michel de
secession
(Allen Buchanan and Elizabeth Levinson)
secondary qualities, in early modern philosophy — see
primary and secondary qualities in early modern philosophy
self
feminist perspectives on the — see
feminist philosophy, topics: perspectives on the self
knowledge — see
self-knowledge
self-consciousness
(Joel Smith)
phenomenological approaches to
(Shaun Gallagher and Dan Zahavi)
self-deception
(Ian Deweese-Boyd)
self-defense
(Helen Frowe and Jonathan Parry)
self-doubt, epistemic
(Sherrilyn Roush)
self-knowledge
(Brie Gertler)
and externalism — see
externalism: and self-knowledge
self-locating beliefs
(Andy Egan and Michael G. Titelbaum)
self-reference
(Thomas Bolander)
self-respect — see
respect
Sellars, Wilfrid
(Willem deVries)
semantic holism — see
meaning holism
semantics
defaults in — see
defaults in semantics and pragmatics
dynamic
(Rick Nouwen, Adrian Brasoveanu, Jan van Eijck, and Albert Visser)
Montague
(Theo M. V. Janssen and Thomas Ede Zimmermann)
proof-theoretic
(Peter Schroeder-Heister)
two-dimensional
(Laura Schroeter)
semiotics
medieval
(Stephan Meier-Oeser)
Seneca
(Katja Vogt)
sense data
(Gary Hatfield)
sensibility theory — see
fitting attitude theories of value
sentimentalism, moral — see
moral sentimentalism
set theory
(Joan Bagaria)
alternative axiomatic theories
(M. Randall Holmes)
constructive and intuitionistic ZF
(Laura Crosilla)
continuum hypothesis
(Peter Koellner)
early development
(José Ferreirós)
independence and large cardinals
(Peter Koellner)
large cardinals and determinacy
(Peter Koellner)
non-wellfounded
(Lawrence S. Moss)
Zermelo’s axiomatization of
(Michael Hallett)
sex and sexuality
(Raja Halwani)
Sextus Empiricus
(Benjamin Morison)
Shaftesbury, Lord [Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of]
(Michael B. Gill)
theory of emotion — see
emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
Sharpe, Johannes
(Alessandro Conti)
Shepherd, Mary
(Martha Bolton)
Sidgwick, Henry
(Barton Schultz)
Simon of Faversham
(Ana María Mora-Márquez)
simplicity
(Alan Baker)
divine
(William F. Vallicella)
Simplicius
(Christoph Helmig)
Simpson’s paradox
(Jan Sprenger and Naftali Weinberger)
simulations in science
(Eric Winsberg)
sin, in Christian thought
(Kevin Timpe)
singular terms
medieval theories of
(E. Jennifer Ashworth)
situations
in natural language semantics
(Angelika Kratzer)
skeptical theism
(Timothy Perrine)
skepticism
(Juan Comesaña and Peter Klein)
about moral responsibility
(Gregg Caruso)
ancient
(Katja Vogt)
and content externalism
(Michael McKinsey)
in Latin America
(Plínio Junqueira Smith and Otávio Bueno)
medieval
(Charles Bolyard)
moral — see
moral skepticism
Skolem’s paradox — see
paradox: Skolem’s
Smith, Adam — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
moral and political philosophy
(Samuel Fleischacker)
social choice theory
(Christian List)
social construction
naturalistic approaches to
(Ron Mallon)
social contract — see
contractarianism
contemporary approaches to
(Fred D’Agostino, Gerald Gaus, and John Thrasher)
social epistemology — see
epistemology: social
social institutions
(Seumas Miller)
socialism
(Pablo Gilabert and Martin O’Neill)
social minimum [basic income]
(Stuart White)
social networking and ethics
(Shannon Vallor)
social norms
(Cristina Bicchieri, Ryan Muldoon, and Alessandro Sontuoso)
social ontology
(Brian Epstein)
social procedures, formal approaches
(Jan van Eijck and Rineke (L.C.) Verbrugge)
sociobiology
(Catherine Driscoll)
Socrates
(Debra Nails and S. Sara Monoson)
solidarity in social and political philosophy
(Andrea Sangiovanni and Juri Viehoff)
Sophie de Grouchy
(Sandrine Berges)
sophismata
[= sophisms]
(Fabienne Pironet and Joke Spruyt)
Sophists, The
(C.C.W. Taylor and Mi-Kyoung Lee)
Sorites paradox
(Dominic Hyde and Diana Raffman)
sortals
(Richard E. Grandy and Max A. Freund)
soul, ancient theories of
(Hendrik Lorenz)
sounds
(Roberto Casati, Jerome Dokic, and Elvira Di Bona)
sovereignty
(Daniel Philpott)
space and time
absolute and relational space and motion, classical theories
(Carl Hoefer, Nick Huggett, and James Read)
absolute and relational space and motion, post-Newtonian theories
(Nick Huggett, Carl Hoefer, and James Read)
being and becoming in modern physics
(Steven Savitt)
conventionality of simultaneity
(Allen Janis)
the hole argument
(John D. Norton, Oliver Pooley, and James Read)
inertial frames
(Robert DiSalle)
singularities and black holes
(Erik Curiel)
supertasks
(JB Manchak and Bryan W. Roberts)
species
(Marc Ereshefsky)
speech
inner — see
inner speech
speech acts
(Mitchell Green)
Spencer, Herbert
(David Weinstein)
Speusippus
(Russell Dancy)
Spinoza
epistemology and philosophy of mind
(Karolina Hübner)
Spinoza, Baruch
(Steven Nadler)
modal metaphysics
(Samuel Newlands)
physical theory
(Richard Manning)
political philosophy
(Justin Steinberg)
psychological theory
(Michael LeBuffe)
theory of attributes
(Noa Shein)
theory of emotion — see
emotion: 17th and 18th century theories of
sport, philosophy of
(John William Devine and Francisco Javier Lopez Frias)
square of opposition
(Terence Parsons)
Śrīharṣa
(Nilanjan Das)
St. Petersburg paradox
(Martin Peterson)
states of affairs
(Mark Textor)
statistical physics
Boltzmann’s work in
(Jos Uffink)
philosophy of statistical mechanics
(Roman Frigg and Charlotte Werndl)
statistics, philosophy of
(Jan-Willem Romeijn)
Stebbing, Susan
(Michael Beaney and Siobhan Chapman)
Stein, Edith
(Thomas Szanto and Dermot Moran)
stem cell research, ethics of — see
ethics, biomedical: stem cell research
Stevenson, Charles Leslie
(Daniel Boisvert and Teemu Toppinen)
Stewart, Dugald — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Stirner, Max
(David Leopold)
Stoicism
(Marion Durand, Simon Shogry, and Dirk Baltzly)
Strauss, Leo
(Leora Batnitzky)
Strawson, Peter Frederick
(Paul Snowdon and Anil Gomes)
structuralism
in mathematics — see
mathematics, philosophy of: structuralism
in physics — see
physics: structuralism in
structural realism
(James Ladyman)
Stumpf, Carl
(Denis Fisette)
Sturm, Johann
(Andrea Sangiacomo and Christian Henkel)
style
in mathematics
(Paolo Mancosu)
Suárez, Francisco
(Christopher Shields and Daniel Schwartz)
substance
(Howard Robinson and Ralph Weir)
substructural logics — see
logic: substructural
Suhrawardi
(Roxanne Marcotte)
suicide
(Michael Cholbi)
supererogation
(David Heyd)
supervenience
(Brian McLaughlin and Karen Bennett)
in ethics
(Tristram McPherson)
surrogate decision-making for incompetent individuals — see
advance directives
Susman, Margarete
(Willi Goetschel)
suspense, paradox of
(Aaron Smuts)
syllogism
medieval theories of
(Henrik Lagerlund)
Sylvan [Routley], Richard
(Dominic Hyde, Filippo Casati, and Zach Weber)
symmetry and symmetry breaking — see
physics: symmetry and symmetry breaking
synthetic — see
analytic/synthetic distinction
Syrianus
(Christian Wildberg)
systems and synthetic biology, philosophy of
(Sara Green)
T
[jump to top]
Taoism — see
Daoism
Tarski, Alfred
(Mario Gómez-Torrente)
truth definitions
(Wilfrid Hodges)
Taurellus, Nicolaus
(Andreas Blank)
techne
— see
episteme
and
techne
technology, philosophy of
(Maarten Franssen, Gert-Jan Lokhorst, and Ibo van de Poel)
teleology
teleological arguments for God’s existence
(Del Ratzsch and Jeffrey Koperski)
teleological notions in biology
(Colin Allen and Jacob Neal)
teleological theories of mental content — see
mental content: teleological theories of
Telesio, Bernardino
(Michaela Boenke)
temporal consciousness — see
consciousness: temporal
temporal parts
(Katherine Hawley)
tense and aspect
(Friedrich Hamm and Oliver Bott)
terms, properties of
medieval theories of
(Stephen Read)
territorial rights and justice
(Margaret Moore)
terrorism
(Igor Primoratz)
testimony
epistemological problems of
(Nick Leonard)
testimony, aesthetic — see
aesthetic testimony
theater, philosophy of
(James R. Hamilton)
theism
atheism and agnosticism — see
atheism and agnosticism
monotheism — see
monotheism
panentheism — see
panentheism
pantheism — see
pantheism
process — see
process theism
skeptical — see
skeptical theism
theology, natural and natural religion
(Andrew Chignell and Derk Pereboom)
Theology of Aristotle
(Peter Adamson)
Theophrastus
(Katerina Ierodiakonou)
theoretical terms in science
(Holger Andreas)
thick ethical concepts
(Pekka Väyrynen)
Thomas of Erfurt
(Jack Zupko)
Thoreau, Henry David
(Rick Anthony Furtak)
thought, associationist theories of — see
associationist theories of thought
thought experiments
(James Robert Brown and Yiftach Fehige)
Thrasymachus — see
Plato: Callicles and Thrasymachus
Tibbon, Samuel Ibn
(James T. Robinson)
Tibetan epistemology and philosophy of language
(Pascale Hugon)
time
(Nina Emery, Ned Markosian, and Meghan Sullivan)
being and becoming in modern physics — see
space and time: being and becoming in modern physics
the experience and perception of
(Robin Le Poidevin)
thermodynamic asymmetry in
(Craig Callender)
time machines
(John Earman, Christian Wüthrich, and JB Manchak)
time travel
(Nicholas J.J. Smith)
and modern physics
(Christopher Smeenk, Frank Arntzenius, and Tim Maudlin)
Timon of Phlius
(Richard Bett)
toleration
(Rainer Forst)
torts, theories of the common law of
(Arthur Ripstein)
torture
(Seumas Miller)
touch
(Matthew Fulkerson)
transcendental arguments
(Robert Stern and Tony Cheng)
Kant — see
Kant, Immanuel: transcendental arguments
transcendentalism
(Russell Goodman)
transcendentals, medieval theories of
(Wouter Goris and Jan Aertsen)
transformative experience
(Rebecca Chan)
trans issues, feminist perspectives on — see
feminist philosophy, topics: perspectives on trans issues
transmission of justification and warrant
(Luca Moretti and Tommaso Piazza)
transworld identity — see
identity: transworld
treating persons as means
(Samuel Kerstein)
trinity
(Dale Tuggy)
tropes
(Anna-Sofia Maurin)
trust
(Carolyn McLeod)
truth
(Michael Glanzberg)
axiomatic theories of
(Volker Halbach and Graham E. Leigh)
coherence theory of
(James O. Young)
correspondence theory of
(Marian David)
deflationism about
(Bradley Armour-Garb, Daniel Stoljar, and James Woodbridge)
identity theory of
(Richard Gaskin)
pluralist theories of
(Nikolaj Jang Lee Linding Pedersen and Cory Wright)
pragmatic theory of
(John Capps)
revision theory of
(Philip Kremer and Edoardo Rivello)
Tarski’s theory of truth — see
Tarski, Alfred: truth definitions
truthlikeness
(Graham Oddie and Gustavo Cevolani)
truthmakers
(Fraser MacBride)
truth values
(Yaroslav Shramko and Heinrich Wansing)
Tsongkhapa
(Gareth Sparham and Chandra Chiara Ehm)
Turing, Alan
(Andrew Hodges)
Turing machines
(Liesbeth De Mol)
Turing test
(Graham Oppy and David Dowe)
Turnbull, George — see
Scottish Philosophy: in the 18th Century
Twardowski, Kazimierz
(Arianna Betti)
two truths in India, theory of
(Sonam Thakchoe)
two truths in Tibet, theory of
(Sonam Thakchoe)
types and tokens
(Linda Wetzel)
type theory
(Thierry Coquand)
Church’s type theory
(Christoph Benzmüller and Peter Andrews)
constructive — see
type theory: intuitionistic
intuitionistic
(Peter Dybjer and Erik Palmgren)
U
[jump to top]
ultimates
and God — see
God: and other ultimates
Umar Khayyam
(Seyed N. Mousavian, Suzanne Sumner, Mehdi Aminrazavi, and Glen Van Brummelen)
Uncertainty Principle
(Jan Hilgevoord and Jos Uffink)
underdetermination, of scientific theories
(Kyle Stanford)
understanding
(Stephen Grimm)
units and levels of natural selection — see
natural selection: units and levels of
unity of science — see
science: unity of
universal hylomorphism — see
binarium famosissimum
universals — see
properties
the medieval problem of
(Gyula Klima)
utilitarianism — see
consequentialism
history of
(Julia Driver)
rule — see
consequentialism: rule
V
[jump to top]
vagueness
(Roy Sorensen)
vagueness of composition — see
many, problem of
Vaihinger, Hans
(Timothy Stoll)
validity — see
logical truth
Valla, Lorenzo
(Lodi Nauta)
value
incommensurable
(Nien-hê Hsieh and Henrik Andersson)
intrinsic vs. extrinsic
(Michael J. Zimmerman and Ben Bradley)
of knowledge — see
knowledge, value of
pluralism
(Elinor Mason)
value theory
(Mark Schroeder)
Vasubandhu
(Jonathan C. Gold)
vegetarianism, ethics of
(Tyler Doggett)
veil of ignorance — see
original position
verbs, intensional transitive — see
intensional transitive verbs
verisimilitude — see
truthlikeness
Vico, Giambattista
(Timothy Costelloe)
Vienna Circle
(Thomas Uebel)
virtue
ancient theories of — see
ethics: ancient
virtue ethics — see
ethics: virtue
visual thinking in mathematics
epistemology of
(Marcus Giaquinto)
Viterbo, James of — see
James of Viterbo
Vives, Juan Luis
(Lorenzo Casini)
volition — see
free will
Voltaire
(J.B. Shank)
voluntarism, theological
(Mark Murphy)
voting
(Jason Brennan)
methods
(Eric Pacuit)
W
[jump to top]
Wang Yangming
(Bryan Van Norden)
war
(Seth Lazar)
Ward, James
(Pierfrancesco Basile)
warrant, transmission of — see
transmission of justification and warrant
Watsuji Tetsurō
(Robert Carter and Erin McCarthy)
weakness of will
(Sarah Stroud and Larisa Svirsky)
Weber, Max
(Sung Ho Kim)
Weil, Simone
(A. Rebecca Rozelle-Stone and Benjamin P. Davis)
welfare economics — see
economics and economic justice
intergenerational, and Ramsey — see
Ramsey, Frank: and intergenerational welfare economics
well-being
(Roger Crisp)
Weyl, Hermann
(John L. Bell and Herbert Korté)
Whewell, William
(Laura J. Snyder)
Whichcote, Benjamin — see
Cambridge Platonists
Whitehead, Alfred North
(Ronald Desmet and Andrew David Irvine)
William of Auvergne
(Neil Lewis and Katrin Fischer)
William of Champeaux
(Kevin Guilfoy)
William of Ockham — see
Ockham, William
William of Sherwood
(Sara L. Uckelman)
Williams, Bernard
(Sophie-Grace Chappell and Nicholas Smyth)
Williams, Donald Cary
(Keith Campbell, James Franklin, and Douglas Ehring)
Wilson, John Cook
(Mathieu Marion)
Windelband, Wilhelm
(Katherina Kinzel)
wisdom
(Sharon Ryan)
Wittgenstein, Ludwig
(Anat Biletzki and Anat Matar)
aesthetics
(Garry Hagberg)
logical atomism
(Ian Proops)
philosophy of mathematics
(Victor Rodych)
Wodeham, Adam de
(John T. Slotemaker and Jeffrey C. Witt)
Wolff, Christian
(Matt Hettche and Corey Dyck)
Wollstonecraft, Mary
(Sylvana Tomaselli)
word meaning — see
meaning: of words
work and labor
(Michael Cholbi)
world government
(Catherine Lu)
worlds
impossible — see
impossible worlds
possible — see
possible worlds
Wright, Chauncey
(Jean De Groot)
Wundt, Wilhelm Maximilian
(Alan Kim)
Wyclif, John
(Alessandro Conti)
political Philosophy
(Stephen Lahey)
X
[jump to top]
Xenocrates
(Russell Dancy)
Xenophanes
(James Lesher)
Xunzi
(Paul R. Goldin)
Y
[jump to top]
Yorck von Wartenburg, Count Paul
(Ingo Farin)
Z
[jump to top]
Zabarella, Giacomo
(Heikki Mikkeli and Tawrin Baker)
Zeno of Elea
(John Palmer)
Zeno’s paradoxes
(Nick Huggett)
Zermelo, Ernst
axiomatization of set theory — see
set theory: Zermelo’s axiomatization of
Zhuangzi
(Chad Hansen)
Zhu Xi
(Kirill Thompson)
zombies
(Robert Kirk)
Projected Table of Contents