Ti?n

The term ti?n ( ch? Han : 錢 ) is used to refer to various currency-related concepts used in Vietnamese history . The name is a cognate with the Chinese qian (錢), a unit of weight called " mace " in English. It can refer to a unit of weight used in precious metal coinages as well as the number of cash coins in a string . The name was also used for different awards , both Chinese-style and Western-style awards given in Vietnam throughout different times of its history.

The word ti?n is also the Vietnamese word for the concept of money in general.

Cash coins [ edit ]

In cash coins the term ti?n could be used to refer to sub-strings of 10 cash coins in a string of 100~600. ^[1] Though the quality of cash coins was also important for counting a ti?n , in 1945 a ti?n of ti?n gian included 36 cash coins, while a ti?n of ti?n quy included 60 cash coins. ^[a]^[2]

Precious metal coinages [ edit ]

In the early 19th century, silver and gold bars were traded as currency in imperial Vietnam with values of up to 10 ti?n (approximately 40 grams , or 1 tael ). Bars of 1 ti?n weighed between 3 and 4 grams. ^[3] During this time, silver and gold coins were minted (using Vietnamese characters and design, but of types resembling either Chinese cash or Western coins) with denominations of up to 10 ti?n being minted.

During the Minh M?ng period (1820?1841) dragons on silver ti?n coins were often depicted facing dexter (to the right), while during the Thi?u Tr? period (1841?1847) and later these coins depicted dragons guardant (facing forwards). ^[4]

In the year Minh M?nh 14 (1833) the Phi Long dragon coins were depreciated by increasing the amounts of copper and zinc that were in them lowering their silver content. ^[5]

These coins continued to be minted in varying quantities into the 20th century in French Indochina , although circulating alongside the French Indochinese piastre .

Ti?n decorations [ edit ]

The Ti?n was also a name of decorations given by the government of the Nguy?n dynasty until 1945, like in Imperial China these coins came in the form of presentation coins , but after French colonisation the Ti?n was also awarded as European-style medals called the Sapeque d'Honneur (" Cash coin of Honour"). ^[6]

Ti?n presentation coin decorations came in multiple classes and were known as đ?ng Ti?n (銅錢, "Copper money"), Ngan Ti?n (銀錢, "Silver money"), and Kim Ti?n (金錢, "Gold money"). ^[6] The Sapeque d'Honneur medal was further subdivided into the Sapeque d'Argent (made of silver) and the Sapeque d'Or (made of gold). ^[6]

These decorations generally took the shape of silver or gold cash coins as well as other coinages issued by the Nguy?n dynasty , but would often have more elaborate designs and (often) different inscriptions. ^[6]

Notes [ edit ]

^ The terms ti?n gian and ti?n quy were used to refer to different types of cash coins based on different quality and alloys between the 16th and 20th centuries.

References [ edit ]

^ Ministry of the Colonies (1894). Note sur la circulation monetaire et les moyens d'echange dans les colonies francaises et pays de protectorat, d'apres les documents officiels recueillis par l'administration des colonies (in French). The government of France . Retrieved 22 January 2022 .
^ " S? Vi?t, đ?c vai quy?n Ch??ng IV "Ti?n b?c, v?n ch??ng va l?ch s?" " . Archived from the original on 2016-03-03 . Retrieved 2011-06-13 .
^ ED. TODA. (1882) ANNAM and its minor currency. Retrieved: 23 July 2017.
^ De Rode Leeuw - Armorial of Vietnam by Hubert de Vries. Retrieved: 19 August 2021.
^ Ths. Hoang Nguy?t (Th?c s? Hoang Nguy?t) (1 April 2016). "Tri?u Nguy?n v?i chinh sach đuc va l?u thong ti?n t?. - 06:21 AM 01/04/2016. - Noi v? s? phat tri?n ti?n t? d??i tri?u Nguy?n, co th? kh?ng đ?nh đay la m?t tri?u đ?i ti?n t? phat tri?n r?t phong phu. Ngoai nh?ng đ?ng ti?n c?n b?n la ti?n đ?ng va ti?n k?m, con co c? vang, b?c dung trong l?u thong" (in Vietnamese). Trung tam L?u tr? qu?c gia I (National Archives Nr. 1, Hanoi) - C?c V?n th? va L?u tr? nha n??c (State Records And Archives Management Department Of Vi?t Nam) . Retrieved 4 February 2022 .
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Gillingham, Harrold E. (Harrold Edgar), 1864-1954 (1928). "Notes on the decorations and medals of the French colonies and protectorates" . American Numismatic Society . Retrieved 20 March 2021 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link )

External links [ edit ]

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[2] The terms ti?n gian and ti?n quy were used to refer to different types of cash coins based on different quality and alloys between the 16th and 20th centuries.

[French-Overseas-Currencies-1894-1] Ministry of the Colonies (1894). Note sur la circulation monetaire et les moyens d'echange dans les colonies francaises et pays de protectorat, d'apres les documents officiels recueillis par l'administration des colonies (in French). The government of France . Retrieved 22 January 2022 .

[3] " S? Vi?t, đ?c vai quy?n Ch??ng IV "Ti?n b?c, v?n ch??ng va l?ch s?" " . Archived from the original on 2016-03-03 . Retrieved 2011-06-13 .

[4] ED. TODA. (1882) ANNAM and its minor currency. Retrieved: 23 July 2017.

[Hubert-de-Vries-Armorial-of-Vietnam-5] De Rode Leeuw - Armorial of Vietnam by Hubert de Vries. Retrieved: 19 August 2021.

[Triều-Nguyễn-với-chính-sách-đúc-và-lưu-thông-tiền-tệ-6] Ths. Hoang Nguy?t (Th?c s? Hoang Nguy?t) (1 April 2016). "Tri?u Nguy?n v?i chinh sach đuc va l?u thong ti?n t?. - 06:21 AM 01/04/2016. - Noi v? s? phat tri?n ti?n t? d??i tri?u Nguy?n, co th? kh?ng đ?nh đay la m?t tri?u đ?i ti?n t? phat tri?n r?t phong phu. Ngoai nh?ng đ?ng ti?n c?n b?n la ti?n đ?ng va ti?n k?m, con co c? vang, b?c dung trong l?u thong" (in Vietnamese). Trung tam L?u tr? qu?c gia I (National Archives Nr. 1, Hanoi) - C?c V?n th? va L?u tr? nha n??c (State Records And Archives Management Department Of Vi?t Nam) . Retrieved 4 February 2022 .

[Numismatics-French-medals-and-decorations-7] Gillingham, Harrold E. (Harrold Edgar), 1864-1954 (1928). "Notes on the decorations and medals of the French colonies and protectorates" . American Numismatic Society . Retrieved 20 March 2021 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link ) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( link )

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v t e Vietnamese currency
Imperial Vietnam	Cash coins Mother coin Thai Binh H?ng B?o T? đ?c Thong B?o T? đ?c B?o Sao Kh?i đ?nh Thong B?o B?o đ?i Thong B?o Ti?n v?n m?ch quan
Colonial Vietnam	Cochinchina piastre French Indochinese piastre
Democratic Republic	North Vietnamese dong
South Vietnam	South Vietnamese dong ( Republic ) Liberation dong ( PRG )
Socialist Republic	dong
Exonumia	Vietnamese numismatic charm
See also: Economy of Vietnam