From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Unit of area
The
square
kilometre
(
square kilometer
in American spelling; symbol:
km
2
) is a multiple of the
square metre
, the
SI
unit
of
area
or
surface area
.
1 km
2
is equal to:
- 1,000,000 square metres (m
2
)
- 100
hectares
(ha)
It is also approximately equal to:
Conversely:
- 1 m
2
= 0.000001 (10
?6
) km
2
- 1 hectare = 0.01 (10
?2
) km
2
- 1 square mile =
2.5899 km
2
[4]
- 1 acre = about
0.004
047
km
2
[5]
The symbol "km
2
" means (km)
2
, square kilometre or kilometre squared and not k(m
2
), kilo?square metre. For example, 3 km
2
is equal to
3
×
(1,000
m)
2
= 3,000,000 m
2
, not 3,000 m
2
.
Examples of areas of 1 square kilometre
[
edit
]
Topographical map grids
[
edit
]
Topographical map grids are worked out in metres, with the grid lines being 1,000 metres apart.
- 1:100,000 maps are divided into squares representing 1 km
2
, each square on the map being one square centimetre in area and representing 1 km
2
on the surface of the Earth.
- For 1:50,000 maps, the grid lines are 2 cm apart. Each square on the map is 2 cm by 2 cm (4 cm
2
) and represents 1 km
2
on the surface of the Earth.
- For 1:25,000 maps, the grid lines are 4 cm apart. Each square on the map is 4 cm by 4 cm (16 cm
2
) and represents 1 km
2
on the surface of the Earth.
In each case, the grid lines enclose one square kilometre.
Medieval city centres
[
edit
]
The area enclosed by the walls of many European medieval cities were about one square kilometre. These walls are often either still standing or the route they followed is still clearly visible, such as in
Brussels
, where the wall has been replaced by a ring road, or in
Frankfurt
, where the wall has been replaced by gardens. The approximate area of the old walled cities can often be worked out by fitting the course of the wall to a
rectangle
or an oval (
ellipse
). Examples include:
- The walled city of Delft was approximately rectangular.
- The approximate length of rectangle was about 1.30 kilometres (0.81 mi).
[6]
- The approximate width of the rectangle was about 0.75 kilometres (0.47 mi).
[6]
- A perfect rectangle with these measurements has an area of 1.30×0.75 = 0.9 km
2
- The medieval city is roughly rectangular with rounded north-east and north-west corners.
- The maximum distance from east to west is 1.36 kilometres (0.85 mi).
[6]
- The maximum distance from north to south is 0.80 kilometres (0.50 mi).
[6]
- A perfect rectangle of these dimensions would be 1.36×0.80 = 1.088 km
2
.
- The medieval city of Bruges, a major centre in
Flanders
, was roughly oval or
elliptical
in shape with the longer or
semi-major axis
running north and south.
- The maximum distance from north to south (semi-major axis) is 2.53 kilometres (1.57 mi).
[6]
- The maximum distance from east to west (semi-minor axis) is 1.81 kilometres (1.12 mi).
[6]
- A perfect ellipse of these dimensions would be 2.53 × 1.81 × (
π
/4) = 3.597 km
2
.
- Chester is one of the smaller English cities that has a near-intact city wall.
[7]
- The distance from
Northgate
to
Watergate
is about 855 metres.
[6]
- The distance from
Eastgate
to Westgate is about 589 metres.
[6]
- A perfect rectangle of these dimensions would be (855/1000) × (589/1000) = 0.504 km
2
.
Parks
[
edit
]
Parks come in all sizes; a few are almost exactly one square kilometre in area. Here are some examples:
- Riverside Country Park
, UK.
[8]
- Brierley Forest Park, UK.
[9]
- Rio de Los Angeles State Park
, California, US
[10]
- Jones County Central Park, Iowa, US.
[11]
- Kiest Park, Dallas, Texas, US
[12]
- Hole-in-the-Wall Park & Campground, Grand Manan Island, Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada
[13]
- Downing Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada
[14]
- Citadel Park, Poznan, Poland
[15]
- Sydney Olympic Park, Sydney, Australia, contains 6.63 square kilometres of wetlands and waterways.
[16]
Golf courses
[
edit
]
Using the figures published by golf course architects Crafter and Mogford, a course should have a fairway width of 120 metres and 40 metres clear beyond the hole. Assuming a 6,000-metre (6,600 yd) 18-hole course, an area of 80 hectares (0.8 square kilometre) needs to be allocated for the course itself.
[17]
[Note 1]
Examples of golf courses that are about one square kilometre include:
- Manchester Golf Club, UK
[18]
- Northop Country Park, Wales, UK
[18]
- The Trophy Club, Lebanon, Indiana, US
[19]
- Qingdao International Country Golf Course, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Arabian Ranches Golf Club, Dubai
[20]
- Sharm el Sheikh Golf Courses: Sharm el Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt
[21]
- Belmont Golf Club, Lake Macquarie, NSW, Australia
[22]
Other areas of one square kilometre or thereabouts
[
edit
]
- The Old City of Jerusalem
is almost 1 square kilometre in area.
[23]
- Milton Science Park, Oxfordshire, UK.
[24]
- Mielec Industrial Park, Mielec, Poland
[25]
- The Guildford Campus of Guildford Grammar School, South Guildford, Western Australia
[26]
- Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, India
[27]
- Ile aux Cerfs Island, near the east coast of Mauritius.
[28]
- Peng Chau
Island, Hong Kong
[29]
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Assume that each hole requires (6000÷18 + 40) = 373 metres in length. The area needed is (18 × 373 × 120 ÷ 10,000) = 80.64 ha (1 hectare = 10,000 square metres).
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
"UnitConversion.org Area Converter"
.
web page
. UnitConversion.org. 2009
. Retrieved
4 July
2012
.
- ^
There are 0.386102159 international square miles in a square kilometer while there are 0.386100614 US Survey square miles in the same measure. This is because the US Survey measures are very slightly larger than the international measures.
[1]
- ^
There are 247.105381467 international acres in a square kilometre while there are only 247.104393047 of the very slightly larger US Survey acres.
[1]
- ^
An International square mile equals
2.589
988
11
km
2
while the slightly larger US Survey square mile equals
2.589
998
47
km
2
.
[1]
- ^
1 acre (International) =
0.004
046
856
km
2
while 1 acre (US Survey) =
0.004
046
873
km
2
[1]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Measurements taken from
Google Earth
- ^
Howe, Steve.
"Chester: A Virtual Stroll around the Walls"
. Retrieved
7 October
2012
.
- ^
"Medway Council Riverside Country Park"
.
web page
. Medway Council. 2012. Archived from
the original
on 19 April 2012
. Retrieved
9 June
2012
.
- ^
"Ashfield Brierley Forest Park"
.
web page
. Ashfield District Council. 2012. Archived from
the original
on 8 November 2012
. Retrieved
9 June
2012
.
- ^
"California Department of Parks and Recreation Rio de Los Angeles State Park"
.
web page
. State of California. 2012
. Retrieved
9 June
2012
.
- ^
"Parks & Recreation Central Park, Center Junction, Iowa"
.
web page
. Jones County Tourism Association
. Retrieved
9 June
2012
.
- ^
"A History of Kiest Park"
.
web page
. Friends of Oak Cliff Parks. 2010. Archived from
the original
on 5 June 2012
. Retrieved
9 June
2012
.
- ^
"Hole-in-the-Wall Park & Campground"
.
web page
. Hole-in-the-Wall Park & Campground. 2012
. Retrieved
9 June
2012
.
- ^
"BC Parks Downing Provincial Park"
.
web page
. British Columbia Ministry of Environment
. Retrieved
9 June
2012
.
- ^
"Citadel Park"
.
web page
. Poland Travel
. Retrieved
9 June
2012
.
- ^
"Sydney Olympic Park Parklands Fact Sheet"
.
web page
. Sydney Olympic Park Authority
. Retrieved
9 June
2012
.
- ^
"Golf Course Safety"
(PDF)
. Crafter + Mogford, golf course architects
. Retrieved
5 October
2012
.
- ^
a
b
"Visitor Information [Manchester Golf Club]"
.
web page
. Manchester Golf Club Ltd. Archived from
the original
on 25 May 2012
. Retrieved
11 June
2012
.
- ^
"Welcome to the Trophy Club"
.
web page
. The Trophy Club
. Retrieved
11 June
2012
.
- ^
"Arabian Ranches Golf Club"
.
7 Days in Dubai
. Catchpole Communications FZ-LLC, Al Sidra Media LLC. Archived from
the original
on 2012-09-08
. Retrieved
1 April
2018
.
- ^
"Sharm el Sheikh Golf Courses: Sharm el Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt"
.
web page
. TravelSmart Ltd: World Guides
. Retrieved
11 June
2012
.
- ^
"Belmont Golf Club, Lake Macquarie, History"
.
web page
. Belmont Golf Club
. Retrieved
11 June
2012
.
- ^
"Jerusalem - The Old City"
.
web page
. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 2012
. Retrieved
6 July
2012
.
Actually, about 89 hectares.
- ^
"Science Vale UK"
.
web page
. Abbey House
. Retrieved
7 July
2012
.
- ^
"Invest in Poland"
.
web page
. Polish information and foreign investment agency
. Retrieved
7 July
2012
.
- ^
"Guildford Grammar School"
.
waterhall.com.au
. Archived from
the original
on 10 April 2013
. Retrieved
2 April
2018
.
- ^
"39th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power"
.
web page
. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT). Archived from
the original
on 19 July 2012
. Retrieved
7 July
2012
.
- ^
"MauritiusAttraction"
.
Amity Institute of Higher Education, Mauritius
. Amity Institute of Higher Education. 2011. Archived from
the original
on 12 October 2013
. Retrieved
27 June
2013
.
- ^
"Peng Chau<Leisure Line - Barrier-Free Information Website - Hong Kong Federation of Handicapped Youth"
.
e-cgo.org.hk
.