Light cruiser of the German Imperial Navy
Emden
underway in 1910
|
History
|
German Empire
|
Name
| Emden
|
Namesake
| City of
Emden
|
Builder
| Kaiserliche Werft
,
Danzig
|
Laid down
| 1 November 1906
|
Launched
| 26 May 1908
|
Commissioned
| 10 July 1909
|
Fate
| Disabled by
HMAS
Sydney
and grounded off the
Cocos Islands
, 9 November 1914
|
General characteristics
|
Class and type
| Dresden
-class
cruiser
|
Displacement
| |
Length
| 118.3 m (388 ft 1 in)
|
Beam
| 13.5 m (44 ft 3 in)
|
Draft
| 5.53 m (18 ft 2 in)
|
Installed power
| |
Propulsion
| |
Speed
| 23.5
kn
(43.5 km/h; 27.0 mph)
|
Range
| 3,760
nmi
(6,960 km; 4,330 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
|
Complement
|
- 18 officers
- 343 enlisted men
|
Armament
| |
Armor
| |
SMS
Emden
("His Majesty's Ship
Emden
")
[a]
was the second and final member of the
Dresden
class
of
light cruisers
built for the German
Kaiserliche Marine
(Imperial Navy). Named for the town of
Emden
, she was laid down at the
Kaiserliche Werft
(Imperial Dockyard) in
Danzig
in 1906. The hull was launched in May 1908, and completed in July 1909. She had one sister ship,
Dresden
. Like the preceding
Konigsberg
-class
cruisers,
Emden
was armed with ten 10.5 cm (4.1 in) guns and two
torpedo tubes
.
Emden
spent the majority of her career overseas in the
East Asia Squadron
, based in
Qingdao
, in the
Jiaozhou Bay Leased Territory
in China. In 1913,
Karl von Muller
took command of the ship. At the outbreak of World War I,
Emden
captured a Russian
steamer
and converted her into the
commerce raider
Cormoran
.
Emden
rejoined the East Asia Squadron, then was detached for independent raiding in the
Indian Ocean
. The cruiser spent nearly two months operating in the region, and captured nearly two dozen ships. On 28 October 1914,
Emden
launched a surprise attack on
Penang
; in the resulting
Battle of Penang
, she sank the Russian cruiser
Zhemchug
and the French
destroyer
Mousquet
.
Muller then took
Emden
to raid the
Cocos Islands
, where he landed a contingent of sailors to destroy British facilities. There,
Emden
was attacked by the Australian cruiser
HMAS
Sydney
on 9 November 1914. The more powerful Australian ship quickly inflicted serious damage and forced Muller to
run his ship aground
to avoid sinking. Out of a crew of 376, 133 were killed in the battle. Most of the survivors were taken prisoner; the landing party, led by
Hellmuth von Mucke
, commandeered an old
schooner
and eventually returned to Germany.
Emden
'
s wreck was quickly destroyed by wave action, and was broken up for scrap in the 1950s.
Design
[
edit
]
The
1898 Naval Law
authorized the construction of thirty new
light cruisers
; the program began with the
Gazelle
class
, which was developed into the
Bremen
and
Konigsberg
classes
, both of which incorporated incremental improvements over the course of construction. The primary alteration for the two
Dresden
-class cruisers, assigned to the 1906 fiscal year, consisted of an additional boiler for the propulsion system to increase engine power.
Emden
was 118.3 meters (388 ft 1 in)
long overall
and had a
beam
of 13.5 m (44 ft 3 in) and a
draft
of 5.53 m (18 ft 2 in) forward. She
displaced
3,664
metric tons
(3,606
long tons
) as designed and up to 4,268 t (4,201 long tons) at
full load
. She had a crew of 18 officers and 343 enlisted men.
Her propulsion system consisted of two
triple-expansion steam engines
, designed to give 13,315
indicated horsepower
(9,929 kW) for a top speed of 23.5
knots
(43.5 km/h; 27.0 mph). The engines were powered by twelve coal-fired Marine-type
water-tube boilers
and drove a pair of
screw propellers
.
Emden
carried up to 860 metric tons (850 long tons) of coal, which gave a range of 3,760
nautical miles
(6,960 km; 4,330 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph).
Emden
was the last German cruiser to be equipped with triple-expansion engines; all subsequent cruisers used the more powerful
steam turbines
.
The ship's
main battery
comprised ten
10.5 cm (4.1 in) SK L/40 guns
in single mounts. Two were placed side by side forward on the
forecastle
, six were located amidships, three on either side, and two were placed side by side aft. The guns could engage targets out to 12,200 m (40,000 ft), and were supplied with 1,500 rounds of ammunition, 150 per gun. The secondary armament consisted of eight
5.2 cm (2 in) SK L/55 guns
, also in single mounts. She had two 45 cm (17.7 in)
torpedo tubes
with four
torpedoes
, mounted below the waterline, and could carry fifty
naval mines
.
The ship was protected by an armored deck that was up to 80 mm (3.1 in) thick. The
conning tower
had 100 mm (3.9 in) thick sides, and the guns were protected by 50 mm (2 in) thick
gun shields
.
Service history
[
edit
]
The contract for
Emden
, ordered as
ersatz
(replacement)
SMS
Pfeil
,
[b]
was placed on 6 April 1906 at the
Kaiserliche Werft
(Imperial Dockyard) in
Danzig
.
Her keel was laid down on 1 November 1906. She was launched on 26 May 1908 and christened by the
Oberburgermeister
(Lord Mayor) of the city of
Emden
, Dr.
Leo Furbringer
.
[7]
After
fitting-out
work was completed by 10 July 1909, she was commissioned into the fleet.
The new cruiser began
sea trials
that day but interrupted them from 11 August to 5 September to participate in the annual autumn maneuvers of the main fleet. During this period,
Emden
also escorted the imperial yacht
Hohenzollern
with
Kaiser Wilhelm II
aboard.
Emden
was decommissioned in September after completing trials.
[7]
On 1 April 1910
Emden
was reactivated and assigned to the
Ostasiengeschwader
(East Asia Squadron), based at
Qingdao
in Germany's
Jiaozhou Bay Leased Territory
in China.
[7]
The concession had been seized in 1897 in retaliation for the murder of German nationals in the area.
Emden
left
Kiel
on 12 April 1910, bound for Asia by way of a goodwill tour of South America.
[7]
A month later, on 12 May, she stopped in
Montevideo
and met with the cruiser
Bremen
, which was assigned to the
Ostamerikanischen
(East American) Station.
Emden
and
Bremen
stayed in
Buenos Aires
from 17 to 30 May to represent Germany at the celebrations of the hundredth anniversary of Argentinian independence. The two ships then rounded
Cape Horn
;
Emden
stopped in
Valparaiso
, Chile, while
Bremen
continued on to Peru.
[7]
The cruise across the Pacific was delayed because of a lack of good quality coal.
Emden
eventually took on around 1,400 t (1,400 long tons; 1,500 short tons) of coal at the Chilean naval base at
Talcahuano
and departed on 24 June. The cruise was used to evaluate the ship on long-distance voyages for use in future light cruiser designs.
Emden
encountered unusually severe weather on the trip, which included a stop at
Easter Island
. She anchored at
Papeete
,
Tahiti
to coal on 12 July, as the bunkers were nearly empty after crossing 4,200 nautical miles (7,800 km; 4,800 mi). The ship then proceeded to
Apia
in
German Samoa
, arriving on 22 July. There, she met the rest of the East Asia Squadron, commanded by
Konteradmiral
(Rear Admiral)
Erich Guhler
. The squadron remained in Samoa until October, when the ships returned to their base at Qingdao.
Emden
was sent to the
Yangtze River
from 27 October to 19 November, which included a visit to
Hankou
. The ship visited
Nagasaki
, Japan, before returning to Qingdao on 22 December for an annual refit. The repair work was not carried out; the
Sokehs Rebellion
erupted on
Ponape
in the
Carolines
, which required
Emden
'
s presence; she departed Qingdao on 28 December, and
Nurnberg
left Hong Kong to join her.
[11]
The two cruisers reinforced German forces at Ponape, which included the old
unprotected cruiser
Cormoran
. The ships bombarded rebel positions and sent a landing force, which included men from the ships along with colonial police troops, ashore in mid-January 1911. By the end of February the revolt had been suppressed, and on 26 February the unprotected cruiser
Condor
arrived to take over the German presence in the Carolines.
Emden
and the other ships held a funeral the following day for those killed in the operation, before departing on 1 March for Qingdao via Guam. After arriving on 19 March, she began an annual overhaul. In mid-1911, the ship went on a cruise to Japan, where she accidentally rammed a Japanese steamer during a
typhoon
. The collision caused damage necessitating another trip to the drydock in Qingdao. She returned to the Yangtze to protect Europeans during the
Chinese Revolution
that broke out on 10 October.
[13]
In November,
Vizeadmiral
(Vice Admiral)
Maximilian von Spee
replaced Guhler as the commander of the East Asia Squadron.
At the end of the year,
Emden
won the Kaiser's
Schießpreis
(Shooting Prize) for excellent gunnery in the East Asia Squadron. In early December,
Emden
steamed to
Incheon
to assist the grounded German steamer
Deike Rickmers
.
[13]
In May 1913,
Korvettenkapitan
(Lieutenant Commander)
Karl von Muller
became the ship's commanding officer; he was soon promoted to
Fregattenkapitan
(Commander).
[15]
In mid-June,
Emden
went on a cruise to the German colonies in the Central Pacific, and was stationed off
Nanjing
, as fighting between Qing and revolutionary forces raged there. On 26 August, rebels attacked the ship, and
Emden
'
s gunners immediately returned fire, silencing the attackers.
Emden
moved to
Shanghai
on 14 August.
[16]
World War I
[
edit
]
Emden
spent the first half of 1914 on the normal routine of cruises in Chinese and Japanese waters without incident.
[15]
During the
July Crisis
that followed the
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
,
Emden
was the only German cruiser in Qingdao; Spee's two
armored cruisers
,
Scharnhorst
and
Gneisenau
, were cruising in the South Pacific and
Leipzig
was en route to replace
Nurnberg
off the coast of Mexico. On 31 July, with war days away, Muller put to sea to begin commerce raiding once war had been formally declared. Two days later, on 2 August, Germany declared war on Russia, and the following day,
Emden
captured the Russian steamer
Ryazan
. The Russian vessel was sent back to Qingdao, and converted into the
auxiliary cruiser
Cormoran
.
On 5 August, Spee ordered Muller to join him at
Pagan Island
in the
Mariana Islands
;
Emden
left Qingdao the following day along with the auxiliary cruiser
Prinz Eitel Friedrich
and the
collier
Markomannia
. The ships arrived in Pagan on 12 August. The next day, Spee learned that Japan would enter the war on the side of the
Triple Entente
and had dispatched a fleet to track his squadron down. Spee decided to take the East Asia Squadron to South America, where it could attempt to break through to Germany, harassing British merchant traffic along the way. Muller suggested that one cruiser be detached for independent operations in the
Indian Ocean
, since the squadron would be unable to attack British shipping while it was crossing the Pacific. Spee agreed, and allowed Muller to operate independently, since
Emden
was the fastest cruiser in the squadron.
Independent raider
[
edit
]
On 14 August,
Emden
and
Markomannia
left the company of the East Asia Squadron, bound for the Indian Ocean. Since the cruiser
Konigsberg
was already operating in the western Indian Ocean around the
Gulf of Aden
, Muller decided he should cruise in the shipping lanes between
Singapore
,
Colombo
and
Aden
.
Emden
steamed toward the Indian Ocean by way of the
Molucca
and
Banda Seas
. While seeking to coal off
Jampea Island
, the Dutch
coastal defense ship
Maarten Harpertszoon Tromp
stopped
Emden
and asserted Dutch neutrality. Muller steamed into the
Lombok Strait
. There,
Emden
'
s radio-intercept officers picked up messages from the British armored cruiser
HMS
Hampshire
. To maintain secrecy,
Emden
'
s crew rigged up a dummy funnel to impersonate a British light cruiser, then steamed up the coast of
Sumatra
toward the Indian Ocean.
On 5 September,
Emden
entered the
Bay of Bengal
,
achieving complete surprise, since the British assumed she was still with Spee's squadron.
She operated on shipping routes there without success, until 10 September, when she moved to the Colombo?
Calcutta
route. There, she captured the Greek collier
SS
Pontoporos
, which was carrying equipment for the British. Muller took the ship into his service and agreed to pay the crew.
Emden
captured five more ships;
troop transports
Indus
and
Lovat
and two other ships were sunk, and the fifth, a steamer named
Kabinga
, was used to carry the crews from the other vessels.
On 13 September, Muller released
Kabinga
and sank two more British
prizes
. Off the
Ganges
estuary,
Emden
caught a Norwegian merchantman, which the Germans searched; finding no
contraband
they released her. The Norwegians informed Muller that Entente warships were operating in the area, which persuaded him to return to the eastern coast of India.
Emden
stopped and released an Italian freighter, whose crew relayed news of the incident to a British vessel, which in turn informed British naval authorities in the region. The result was an immediate cessation of shipping and the institution of a
blackout
.
Vice Admiral
Martyn Jerram
ordered
Hampshire
,
Yarmouth
, and the Japanese
protected cruiser
Chikuma
to search for
Emden
. The British armored cruiser
Minotaur
and the Japanese armored cruiser
Ibuki
were sent to patrol likely coaling stations.
In late September, Muller decided to
bombard Madras
. Muller believed the attack would demonstrate his freedom of maneuver and decrease British prestige with the local population. At around 20:00 on 22 September,
Emden
entered the port, which was completely illuminated, despite the blackout order.
Emden
closed to within 3,000 yards (2,700 m) from the piers before opening fire. She set fire to two
oil tanks
and damaged three others, and damaged a merchant ship in the harbor. In the course of the bombardment,
Emden
fired 130 rounds. The following day, the British again mandated that shipping stop in the Bay of Bengal; during the first month of
Emden
'
s raiding career in the Indian Ocean, the value of exports there had fallen by 61.2 percent.
From Madras, Muller had originally intended to rendezvous with his colliers off
Simalur Island
in Indonesia, but instead decided to make a foray to the western side of Ceylon. On 25 September,
Emden
sank the British merchantmen
Tywerse
and
King Lund
two days before capturing the collier
Buresk
, which was carrying a cargo of high-grade coal. A German
prize crew
went aboard
Buresk
which was used to support
Emden
'
s operations. Later that day, the German raider sank the British vessels
Ryberia
and
Foyle
.
Low on fuel,
Emden
proceeded to the
Maldives
, arriving on 29 September and remaining for a day while coal stocks were replenished. The raider then cruised the routes between Aden and Australia and between Calcutta and
Mauritius
for two days without success.
Emden
steamed to
Diego Garcia
for engine maintenance and to rest the crew.
The British garrison at Diego Garcia had not yet learned of the state of war between Britain and Germany, and so treated
Emden
to a warm reception. She remained there until 10 October, to remove
fouling
. While searching for merchant ships west of Colombo,
Emden
picked up
Hampshire
'
s wireless signals again; the ship had departed for the
Chagos Archipelago
on 13 October.
The British had captured
Markomannia
on 12 October, depriving
Emden
of a collier.
On 15 October,
Emden
captured the British steamer
Benmore
off
Minikoi
and sank her the next day. Over the next five days, she captured
Troiens
,
Exfort
,
Graycefale
,
Sankt Eckbert
, and
Chilkana
.
One was used as a collier, three were sunk, and the fifth was sent to port with the crews of the other vessels. On 20 October, Muller decided to move to a new area of operations.
Attack on Penang
[
edit
]
Muller planned a surprise attack on
Penang
in
British Malaya
.
Emden
coaled in the
Nicobar Islands
and departed for Penang on the night of 27 October, with the departure timed to arrive off the harbor at dawn. She approached the harbor entrance at 03:00 on 28 October, steaming at 18 kn (33 km/h; 21 mph), with the fourth dummy funnel erected to disguise her identity.
Emden
'
s lookouts quickly spotted a warship in the port with lights on; it turned out to be the Russian protected cruiser
Zhemchug
,
a veteran of the
Battle of Tsushima
.
Zhemchug
had put into Penang for boiler repairs; only one was in service, which meant that she could not get under way, nor were the ammunition hoists powered. Only five rounds of ready ammunition were permitted for each gun, with a sixth chambered.
Emden
pulled alongside
Zhemchug
at a distance of 300 yards (270 m); Muller ordered a torpedo to be fired at the Russian cruiser, then gave the order for the 10.5 cm guns to open fire.
Emden
quickly inflicted grievous damage on her adversary, then turned around to make another pass at
Zhemchug
. One of the Russian gun crews managed to get a weapon into action, but scored no hits. Muller ordered a second torpedo to be fired into the burning
Zhemchug
while his guns continued to batter her. The second torpedo caused a tremendous explosion that tore the ship apart. By the time the smoke cleared,
Zhemchug
had already slipped beneath the waves, the masts the only parts of the ship still above water.
The destruction of
Zhemchug
killed 81 Russian sailors and wounded 129, of whom seven later died of their injuries. The elderly French
torpedo cruiser
D'Iberville
and the
destroyer
Fronde
opened wildly inaccurate fire on
Emden
.
Muller then decided to depart, owing to the risk of encountering superior warships. Upon leaving the harbor, he encountered a British freighter,
SS
Glen Turret
, loaded with ammunition, that had already stopped to pick up a
harbor pilot
. While preparing to take possession of the ship,
Emden
had to recall her boats having spotted an approaching ship. This proved to be the French destroyer
Mousquet
, which was unprepared and was quickly destroyed.
Emden
stopped to pick up survivors and departed at around 08:00 as the other French ships were raising steam to get underway.
One officer and thirty-five sailors were plucked from the water. Another French destroyer tried to follow, but lost sight of the German raider in a rainstorm. On 30 October,
Emden
stopped the British steamer
Newburn
and put the French sailors aboard after they signed statements promising not to return to the war.
The attack on Penang was a significant shock to the Entente powers, and caused them to delay the large convoys from Australia, since they would need more powerful escorts.
Battle of Cocos
[
edit
]
After releasing the British steamer,
Emden
turned south to Simalur, and rendezvoused with the captured collier
Buresk
. Muller then decided to attack the British coaling station in the
Cocos Islands
; he intended to destroy the wireless station there and draw away British forces searching for him in the Indian Ocean. While en route to the Cocos,
Emden
spent two days combing the
Sunda Strait
for merchant shipping without success. She steamed to the Cocos, arriving off
Direction Island
at 06:00 on the morning of 9 November. Since there were no British vessels in the area, Muller sent ashore a landing party led by
Kapitanleutnant
(First Lieutenant)
Hellmuth von Mucke
,
Emden
'
s
executive officer
. The party consisted of another two officers, six non-commissioned officers, and thirty-eight sailors armed with four machine guns and thirty rifles.
Emden
was using
jamming
, but the British wireless station was able to transmit the message "Unidentified ship off entrance." The message was received by the Australian light cruiser
HMAS
Sydney
, which was 52 nautical miles (96 km; 60 mi) away, escorting a convoy.
Sydney
immediately headed for the Cocos Islands at top speed.
Emden
picked up wireless messages from the then unidentified vessel approaching, but believed her to be 250 nautical miles (460 km; 290 mi) away, giving them much more time than they actually had. At 09:00, lookouts aboard
Emden
spotted smoke on the horizon, and thirty minutes later identified it as a warship approaching at high speed. Mucke's landing party was still ashore, and there was no time left to recover them.
Sydney
closed to a distance of 9,500 yards (8,700 m) before turning to a parallel course with
Emden
. The German cruiser opened fire first, and
straddled
the Australian vessel with her third salvo.
Emden
'
s gunners were firing rapidly, with a salvo every ten seconds; Muller hoped to overwhelm
Sydney
with a barrage of shells before her heavier armament could take effect.
Two shells hit
Sydney
, one of which disabled the aft fire control station; the other failed to explode. It took slightly longer for
Sydney
to find the range, and in the meantime,
Emden
turned toward
Sydney
in an attempt to close to torpedo range.
Sydney
'
s more powerful 6 in (152 mm) guns soon found the range and inflicted serious damage. The wireless compartment was destroyed and the crew for one of the forward guns was killed early in the engagement. At 09:45, Muller turned his ship toward
Sydney
in another attempt to reach a torpedo firing position. Five minutes later, a shell hit disabled the steering gear, and other fragments jammed the hand steering equipment.
Emden
could only be steered with her propellers.
Sydney
'
s gunfire also destroyed the
rangefinders
and caused heavy casualties amongst
Emden
'
s gun crews.
Muller made a third attempt to close to torpedo range, but
Sydney
quickly turned away.
Shortly after 10:00, a shell from
Sydney
detonated ready ammunition near the starboard No. 4 gun and started a serious fire.
Emden
made a fourth and final attempt to launch a torpedo attack, but
Sydney
was able to keep the range open. By 10:45,
Emden
'
s guns had largely gone silent; the
superstructure
had been shredded and the two rear-most funnels had been shot away, along with the foremast. Muller realized that his ship was no longer able to fight, and beached
Emden
on
North Keeling Island
to save the lives of his crew. At 11:15,
Emden
was run onto the reef, and the engines and boilers were flooded. Her
breech blocks
and torpedo aiming gear were thrown overboard to render the weapons unusable, and all signal books and secret papers were burned.
Sydney
turned to capture the collier
Buresk
, whose crew scuttled her when the Australian cruiser approached.
Sydney
then returned to the wrecked
Emden
and inquired if she surrendered. The signal books had been destroyed by fire and so the Germans could not reply, and since her flag was still flying,
Sydney
resumed fire. The Germans quickly raised
white flags
and the Australians ceased fire.
In the course of the action,
Emden
scored sixteen hits on
Sydney
, killing three of her crew and wounding another thirteen.
A fourth crewman died later from his injuries.
Sydney
had meanwhile fired some 670 rounds of ammunition, with around 100 hits claimed.
Emden
had suffered much higher casualties: 133 officers and enlisted men died,
out of a crew of 376. Most of the surviving crew, including Muller, were taken into captivity the next day. The wounded men were sent to Australia, while the uninjured were interned at a camp in
Malta
; the men were returned to Germany in 1920.
Mucke's landing party evaded capture. They had observed the battle, and realized that
Emden
would be destroyed. Mucke therefore ordered the old 97
gross register ton
schooner
Ayesha
to be prepared for sailing. The Germans departed before
Sydney
reached Direction Island, and sailed to
Padang
in the Dutch East Indies. From there, they traveled to
Yemen
, which was then part of the
Ottoman Empire
, an ally of Germany. They then traveled overland to
Constantinople
, arriving in June 1915. There, they reported to
Vizeadmiral
Wilhelm Souchon
, the commander of the ex-German
battlecruiser
Goeben
.
In the meantime, the British
sloop
Cadmus
arrived at the Cocos Islands about a week after the battle to bury the sailors killed in the battle.
Legacy
[
edit
]
Over a raiding career spanning three months and 30,000 nautical miles (56,000 km; 35,000 mi),
Emden
had destroyed two Entente warships and sank or captured sixteen British steamers and one Russian merchant ship, totaling 70,825
gross register tons
(GRT).
Another four British ships were captured and released, and one British and one Greek ship were used as colliers.
In 1915, a Japanese company proposed that
Emden
be repaired and refloated, but an inspection by the elderly
flat-iron gunboat
HMAS
Protector
concluded that wave damage to
Emden
made such an operation unfeasible. By 1919, the wreck had almost completely broken up and disappeared beneath the waves.
It was eventually broken up
in situ
in the early 1950s by a Japanese
salvage
company; parts of the ship remain scattered around the area.
Following the destruction of
Emden
, Kaiser Wilhelm II awarded the
Iron Cross
to the ship and announced that a new
Emden
would be built to honor the original cruiser. Wilhelm II ordered that the new cruiser wear a large Iron Cross on her bow to commemorate her namesake ship.
The third cruiser to bear the name
Emden
, built in the 1920s for the
Reichsmarine
, also carried the Iron Cross, along with
battle honors
for the Indian Ocean, Penang, Cocos Islands, and
Osel
,
where the second
Emden
had engaged several Russian destroyers and torpedo boats.
Three further vessels have been named for the cruiser in the post-war
German Navy
, two of which also carried an Iron Cross: the
Koln
-class
frigate
Emden
laid down in 1959,
[56]
the
Bremen
-class frigate
Emden
laid down in 1979,
and the
Braunschweig
-class corvette
Emden
laid down in 2020.
[58]
Three of the ship's 10.5 cm guns were removed from the wreck three years after the battle. One is preserved in
Hyde Park
in Sydney, a second is located at the
Royal Australian Navy Heritage Centre
in
HMAS
Kuttabul
, the main naval base in Sydney, and the third is on display at the
Australian War Memorial
in
Canberra
.
In addition,
Emden
'
s
bell
and stern ornament were recovered from the wreck and both are currently in the collection of the Australian War Memorial.
[60]
[61]
A number of other artifacts, including a damaged 10.5 cm shell case,
[62]
an iron
rivet
from the hull,
[63]
and uniforms were also recovered and are held in the Australian War Memorial.
[64]
In March 1921, the government of
Prussia
decreed that Prussian former crew members and relatives of those serving aboard the ship during World War I were allowed to add the heritable suffix
"-Emden"
to their last names as recognition for their service. Other German state governments followed suit. In March 1934,
Paul von Hindenburg
, who was then the
president
, decreed that relatives of those who had been killed aboard the ship could also apply for the suffix.
[65]
A number of films have been made about
Emden
'
s wartime exploits, including the 1915 movies
How We Beat the Emden
and
How We Fought the Emden
and the 1928
The Exploits of the Emden
, all produced in Australia.
[67]
German films include the 1926
silent film
Unsere Emden
, footage from which was incorporated in
Kreuzer Emden
of 1932, and
Heldentum und Todeskampf unserer Emden
, produced in 1934. All three films were directed by
Louis Ralph
.
More recently, in 2012,
Die Manner der Emden
(The men of the
Emden
) was released, which was made about how the crew of
Emden
made their way back to Germany after the Battle of Cocos.
[69]
After the bombardment of Madras,
Emden
'
s name, as "Amdan", entered the
Sinhala
and
Tamil
languages meaning "someone who is tough, manipulative and crafty."
[70]
In the
Malayalam language
the word "Emadan" means "a big and powerful thing" or "as big as Emden".
[71]
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
"SMS" stands for "
Seiner Majestat Schiff
" (German:
His Majesty's Ship
).
- ^
German warships were ordered under provisional names. For new additions to the fleet, they were given a single letter; for those ships intended to replace older or lost vessels, they were ordered as "
Ersatz
(name of the ship to be replaced)".
Citations
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Hildebrand, Rohr, & Steinmetz
, p. 39.
- ^
Hildebrand, Rohr, & Steinmetz
, pp. 39?40.
- ^
a
b
Hildebrand, Rohr, & Steinmetz
, p. 40.
- ^
a
b
Hildebrand, Rohr, & Steinmetz
, p. 41.
- ^
Hildebrand, Rohr, & Steinmetz
, pp. 40?41.
- ^
Hildebrand, Rohr, & Steinmetz
, p. 60.
- ^
Gain, Nathan (2 February 2020).
"Lurssen Laid Keel Of Second K130 Batch 2 Corvette 'Emden'
"
.
Naval News
. Retrieved
17 September
2021
.
- ^
"Ship's bell from SMS Emden : HMAS Sydney (I)"
. Australian War Memorial
. Retrieved
9 April
2014
.
- ^
"Stern ornament : SMS Emden"
. Australian War Memorial
. Retrieved
9 April
2014
.
- ^
"Damaged 105mm cartridge case : SMS Emden"
. Australian War Memorial
. Retrieved
9 April
2014
.
- ^
"Iron rivet from SMS Emden : Surgeon-Lieutenant A C R Todd, HMAS Sydney"
. Australian War Memorial
. Retrieved
9 April
2014
.
- ^
"Junior NCOs and seamans blue and white cotton collar : SMS Emden, Kaiserliche Marine"
. Australian War Memorial
. Retrieved
9 April
2014
.
- ^
Hildebrand, Rohr, & Steinmetz
, p. 43.
- ^
"The Exploits of the Emden"
.
The Advertiser
. Adelaide. 10 November 1928. p. 11
. Retrieved
7 August
2012
– via National Library of Australia.
- ^
"Die Manner der Emden"
. Die Manner der Emden.com. Archived from
the original
on 21 April 2014
. Retrieved
20 April
2014
.
- ^
Tegal, Megara (6 March 2011).
"Tracing Amdan and Finding Emden"
.
Sunday Times
. Colombo:
Wijeya Newspapers
. Retrieved
6 July
2014
.
- ^
Perera, Jenaka (2 November 2011).
"Why They Call Cunning People 'Emden'
"
.
The Island Online
.
Upali Newspapers
. Archived from
the original
on 3 November 2011
. Retrieved
6 July
2014
.
References
[
edit
]
- Bennett, Geoffrey
(2005).
Naval Battles of the First World War
. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military Classics.
ISBN
1-84415-300-2
.
- Campbell, N. J. M. & Sieche, Erwin (1986). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.).
Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906?1921
. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 134?189.
ISBN
978-0-85177-245-5
.
- Corbett, Julian
(March 1997).
Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands
. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents. Vol. I (2nd, reprint of the 1938 ed.). London and Nashville: Imperial War Museum and Battery Press.
ISBN
978-0-89839-256-2
.
- Forstmeier, Friedrich (1972). "SMS Emden, Small Protected Cruiser 1906?1914". In Preston, Antony (ed.).
Warship Profile 25
. Windsor: Profile Publications. pp. 1?24.
- Gottschall, Terrell D. (2003).
By Order of the Kaiser
. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN
978-1-55750-309-1
.
- Groner, Erich
(1990).
German Warships: 1815?1945
. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN
978-0-87021-790-6
.
- Halpern, Paul G. (1995).
A Naval History of World War I
. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN
1-55750-352-4
.
- Herwig, Holger (1980).
"Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888?1918
. Amherst: Humanity Books.
ISBN
978-1-57392-286-9
.
- Hildebrand, Hans H.; Rohr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993).
Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien ? ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart
[
The German Warships: Biographies ? A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present
] (in German). Vol. 3. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag.
ISBN
978-3-7822-0211-4
.
- Hough, Richard (1980).
Falklands 1914: The Pursuit of Admiral Von Spee
. Periscope Publishing.
ISBN
978-1-904381-12-9
.
- Hoyt, Edwin P.
(2001).
The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True World War I Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew
. Guilford: The Lyons Press.
ISBN
978-1-58574-382-7
.
- Jose, Arthur W. (1941) [1928].
The Royal Australian Navy 1914?1918
. The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914?1918. Vol. IX (9th ed.). Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
OCLC
215763279
.
- Kester, Bernadette (2003).
Film Front Weimar: Representations of the First World War in German films of the Weimar Period (1919?1933)
. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
ISBN
978-0-585-49883-6
.
- Koop, Gerhard & Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (2002).
German light cruisers of World War II: Emden, Konigsberg, Karlsruhe, Koln, Leipzig, Nurnberg
. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN
978-1-85367-485-3
.
- Lochner, R. K. (1988).
Last Gentleman-Of-War: Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden
. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN
978-0-87021-015-0
.
- March, Francis A. (1919).
History of the World War
. Philadelphia: The United Publishers of the United States and Canada.
OCLC
19989789
.
- Mehl, Hans (2002).
Naval Guns: 500 Years of Ship and Coastal Artillery
. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN
978-1-59114-557-8
.
- Mucke, Hellmuth von
(2000).
The Emden?Ayesha Adventure: German Raiders in the South Seas and Beyond, 1914
. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN
1-55750-873-9
.
- "Narrative of the Proceedings of H.M.A.S. Sydney"
(PDF)
.
Naval Review
(2): 448?459. 1915.
OCLC
9030883
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 13 April 2014
. Retrieved
12 April
2014
.
- Nottelmann, Dirk (2020). "The Development of the Small Cruiser in the Imperial German Navy". In Jordan, John (ed.).
Warship 2020
. Oxford: Osprey. pp. 102?118.
ISBN
978-1-4728-4071-4
.
- Pike, Andrew & Cooper, Ross (1980).
Australian Film 1900?1977: A Guide to Feature Film Production
. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
ISBN
978-0-19-554213-4
.
- Staff, Gary (2008).
Battle for the Baltic Islands
. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Maritime.
ISBN
978-1-84415-787-7
.
- Staff, Gary (2011).
Battle on the Seven Seas
. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Maritime.
ISBN
978-1-84884-182-6
.
- van der Vat, Dan
(1983).
Gentlemen of War, The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Muller and the SMS Emden
. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc.
ISBN
978-0-688-03115-2
.
- Willmott, H. P. (2009).
The Last Century of Sea Power
. Vol. 1, From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894?1922. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
ISBN
978-0-253-35214-9
.
- Yates, Keith (1995).
Graf Spee's Raiders: Challenge to the Royal Navy, 1914?1915
. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN
978-1-55750-977-2
.
Further reading
[
edit
]
- Dodson, Aidan
; Nottelmann, Dirk (2021).
The Kaiser's Cruisers 1871?1918
. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN
978-1-68247-745-8
.
- Hohenzollern, Franz Joseph, Prince of (1928).
Emden: My Experiences in S.M.S. Emden
. New York: G. Howard Watt.
OCLC
188982
.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link
)
- Huff, Gunter (1994).
S.M.S Emden 1909?1914, Schicksal eines Kleinen Kreuzers
(in German). Kassel: Hamecher Verlag.
ISBN
978-3-920307-49-7
.
- Olson, Wes (2018).
The Last Cruise of a German Raider: The Destruction of SMS Emden
. Seaforth.
ISBN
9781526737298
.
- Walter, John (1994).
The Kaiser's Pirates: German Surface Raiders in World War I
. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN
978-1-55750-456-2
.
Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1914
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Australian historic shipwrecks with a protected zone
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Note: Number in brackets refers to the year when the vessel was lost or deliberately sunk.
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11°50′00″S
96°49′00″E
/
11.8333°S 96.8167°E
/
-11.8333; 96.8167