Public holidays in Bhutan
consist of both
national holidays
and local festivals or
tshechus
. While national holidays are observed throughout
Bhutan
, tsechus are only observed in their areas.
[1]
Bhutan uses its own calendar,
[2]
a variant of the
lunisolar
Tibetan calendar
. Because it is a lunisolar calendar, dates of some national holidays and most tshechus change from year to year. For example, the new year,
Losar
, generally falls between February and March.
National holidays
[
edit
]
Bhutan
has sixteen
public holidays
.
[1]
Bhutanese holidays are rooted in the
Drukpa Lineage
of
Kagyu Buddhism
, the
House of Wangchuck
and the
Tibetan calendar
. Even secular holidays, however, have a measure of religious overtone, as religious choreography and blessings mark these auspicious days.
[3]
Winter solstice
[
edit
]
Nyinlong or Nyilong (
Dzongkha
:
????????
,
Wylie
:
nyin long
"return of the sun"),
[4]
the
winter solstice
celebration, is a public holiday falling on 2 January every year.
[1]
[5]
Nyinlog is considered the most auspicious day of the year.
[4]
It is celebrated like new year among some western Bhutan, though more so in the central and eastern regions, where the shortest day of the year is marked with archery and feasting.
[5]
Farmers, on the other hand, may feel some chagrin as the solstice signals longer and longer work days ahead.
[6]
Traditional Day of Offering
[
edit
]
The Traditional Day of Offering
[1]
(
Dzongkha
:
buelwa phuewi nyim
) is a holiday usually falling in January or February, on the 1st day of the 12th month of the calendar.
[7]
The main purpose behind this holiday is to give thanks to
Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal
, the founder of
Bhutan
.
[8]
It also focuses on charity, particularly feeding others, and recreation.
[6]
The day is celebrated with feasting and traditional sports, including
archery
,
digor
, and
khuru
(
darts
).
[7]
This holiday may have originally begun as a Bhutanese new year celebration.
[9]
Losar
[
edit
]
Losar
(
Dzongkha
???????
,
Wylie
:
lo gsar
), the New Year, is celebrated between February and March, officially on the 1st month, 1st day of the calendar.
[1]
Festivities last 15 days, ahead of which people spend much time preparing food and alcohol and cleaning their homes of old and unused objects.
[10]
[11]
In Bhutan, different communities celebrate Losar at slightly different times and refer to the holiday by particular local names.
[9]
The common Losar greeting is "
tashi delek
."
Birthday of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
[
edit
]
February 21?23 are holidays commemorating the birth anniversary of
Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
the 5th and current
Druk Gyalpo
.
[1]
Zhabdrung Kuchoe
[
edit
]
Shabdrung Kurchoe
[1]
marks the passing of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal in 1651 at
Punakha Dzong
. It generally falls in April or May (4th month, 10th day of the calendar). The holiday is a national day of mourning.
[12]
Birthday of King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
[
edit
]
May 2 is the birth anniversary of
Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
the 3rd
Druk Gyalpo
, who began Bhutan's first steps toward modernization (b. 1928,
Thruepang Palace
,
Trongsa
).
[1]
[12]
The day is also celebrated as Teacher's day throughout the country. The day sees students coordinating various programs at schools and institution showing gratitude to their teachers. Students gift cards to Teachers, while some students substitute their teachers in class to give them a time-out. The day also constitute cultural programs showcasing various dance and song items focusing on teachers and their contributions. The day usually ends with a common meal for the entire school or institution.
Coronation of King Jigme Singye Wangchuck
[
edit
]
June 2 is the coronation day of the
Jigme Singye Wangchuck
, the 4th
Druk Gyalpo
(1974).
[1]
It also doubles as Social Forestry Day, where children plant trees.
[12]
Parinirvana of Buddha
[
edit
]
June 15 is
Parinirvana Day
,
[1]
a public holiday commemorating the
nirvana
of
Gautama Buddha
.
Birthday of Guru Rinpoche
[
edit
]
July 10 marks the birth anniversary of
Guru Rinpoche
(also known as Padmasambhava),
[1]
the saint credited with introducing Buddhism to Bhutan in the 8th century AD.
First Sermon of Buddha
[
edit
]
August 3 marks the first sermon of Gautama Buddha at
Sarnath
.
[1]
Blessed Rainy Day
[
edit
]
Blessed Rainy Day
[1]
(
Dzongkha
:
thruebab
) generally falls in September, and is held on an auspicious day during
monsoon season
. The traditional holiday has not always been a public holiday, but was rather recently reinstated to official status.
[13]
The event is marked by feasting, drinking alcohol, playing traditional sports, and
purification through washing
. In some parts of
Pemagatshel
, the traditional celebrations are more intense than those of even
Losar
.
[14]
Dashain
[
edit
]
Dashain
, the main
Nepalese
(and
Hindu
festival, falls on October 6.
[1]
[15]
During this holiday, houses are cleaned and replastered, gifts are exchanged, and families gather.
[6]
Dashain has been a public holiday in Bhutan.
[16]
Coronation of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
[
edit
]
November 1 marks the coronation day of
Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
, the 5th and current
Druk Gyalpo
(2008).
[6]
Birthday of King Jigme Singye Wangchuck
[
edit
]
November 11 marks the birth anniversary of
Jigme Singye Wangchuck
, the 4th
Druk Gyalpo
(b. 1955,
Dechencholing Palace
,
Thimphu
).
[6]
The holiday is also called
Constitution Day
; under this king and at his behest, the
Constitution of Bhutan
was enacted.
Lhabab Duchen
[
edit
]
Lhabab Duchen
is a public holiday
[1]
generally falling in November (on the 9th month, 22nd day of the
Tibetan calendar
). Lhabab Duchen marks
Gautama Buddha
's return to Earth after attaining Nirvana. In the eastern regions of Bhutan, the holiday is a popular occasion for performing Lhasoel, which are religious offerings in the form of
ara
(traditional wine), blessings, and supplications.
[17]
National Day
[
edit
]
The
National Day
(Gyalyong Duechen) of Bhutan is December 17. The date marks the coronation of
Ugyen Wangchuck
as the first
Druk Gyalpo
of modern Bhutan.
[18]
Celebrations are held at
Changlimithang Stadium
, and include a public address by the Druk Gyalpo and a procession including a statue of Ugyen Wangchuck to honor the first Druk Gyalpo and the independent Bhutanese nation.
[19]
[20]
[21]
Tsechus
[
edit
]
Numerous
tsechus
, or festivals, take place for up to five days each at different locales across
Bhutan
. These usually feature large-scale pageantry and costumes, allegorical dances,
archery
, and
music
.
[3]
These festivals are centuries-old traditions functioning not only as links to the past but also attract large numbers of tourists.
[22]
Below is a list of major tsechus in Bhutan, along with their 2011 dates. Dates in other years will vary.
Bhutan tsechu dates (2019)
[23]
Date
|
Tsechu
|
Location
|
January 2?04
|
Trongsa Tsechu
|
Trongsa
|
January 2?04
|
Lhuntse Tsechu
|
Lhuntse
|
January 2?04
|
Pemagatshel Tsechu
|
Pemagatshel
|
January 9
|
Shingkhar Metochodpa
|
Bumthang
|
January 9?13
|
Nabji Lhakhang Drup
|
Trongsa
|
February 10?15
|
Punakha Dromache & Tshechu
|
Punakha
|
February 17?21
|
Tangsibi Mani
|
Bumthang
|
February 18
|
Chorten Kora
|
Trashiyangtse
|
February 18
|
Tharpaling Thongdrol
|
Bumthang
|
February 19?21
|
Buli Mani Chumey
|
Bumthang
|
February?March
(
1st month, 7th day
)
|
Trashiyangtse Tsechu
|
Trashiyangtse
|
March 4
|
Chorten Kora (2nd)
|
Trashiyangtse
|
March 13?15
|
Gomkora
|
Trashigang
|
March 13?15
|
Talo Tsechu
|
Talo,
Punakha
|
March 13?16
|
Zhemgang Tsechu
|
Zhemgang
|
March 15?19
|
Paro Tshechu
|
Paro
|
March 17?19
|
Chhukha Tshechu
|
Chukha
|
April 1?03
|
Gaden Chodpa
|
Ura
,
Bumthang
|
May 12?14
|
Domkhar Festival
|
Chhume
,
Bumthang
|
May 14?18
|
Ura Yakchoe
|
Ura
,
Bumthang
|
June 19?21
|
Padsel?Ling Kuchod
|
Bumthang
|
June
|
Laya Bumkhosa Festival (Bongkor)
|
Laya
|
July 8?10
|
Nimalung Tshechu
|
Bumthang
|
July 9?10
does not move
|
Alpine
|
Ha
,
Haa
|
July 10
|
Kurjey Tshechu
|
Bumthang
|
July 29
|
Gangte Kurim
|
Gangte
,
Wangdue Phodrang
|
October 1?05
|
Thimphu Drupchen
|
Thimphu
|
October 4?06
|
Wangdue Tsechu
|
Wangdue Phodrang
|
October 4?06
|
Gangte Drubchen & Tsechu
|
Gangte
,
Wangdue Phodrang
|
October 6?08
|
Tamshingphala Choepa
|
Bumthang
|
October 6?08
|
Gasa Tsechu
|
District Gasa
|
October 6?08
|
Thimphu Tshechu
|
Thimphu
|
October 10?12
|
Thangbi Mani
|
Bumthang
|
November 1?05
|
Shingkhar Rabney
|
Ura
,
Bumthang
|
November 3?06
|
Jakar Tsechu
|
Jakar
,
Bumthang
|
November 10?14
|
Jambay Lakhang Drup
|
Bumthang
|
November 11?13
|
Prakhar Duchoed
|
Bumthang
|
November 12
does not move
|
Black Necked Crane Festival
|
Gangte
,
Wangdue Phodrang
|
November 22?25
|
Sumdrang Kangsol
|
Ura
,
Bumthang
|
December 2?05
|
Trashigang Tsechu
|
Trashigang
|
December 2?05
|
Mongar Tsechu
|
Mongar
|
December 3?04
|
Tang Namkha Rabney Tang
|
Bumthang
|
December 10
|
Singye Cham, Jambay Lhakhang
|
Bumthang
|
December 10?12
|
Nalakhar Tsechu
|
Bumthang
|
December 10?13
|
Chojam Rabney Tang
|
Bumthang
|
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
"Public Holidays for the year 2011"
. Royal Civil Service Commission,
Government of Bhutan
. 2011-04-26. Archived from
the original
on 2012-03-28
. Retrieved
2011-07-26
.
- ^
Henning, E. (2010-02-05).
"Bhutanese Calendar"
. Kalacakra online
. Retrieved
2011-07-28
.
- ^
a
b
Bhutan Foreign Policy and Government Guide
. World Foreign Policy and Government Library. Vol. 20. International Business Publications. 2000. pp. 46?47.
ISBN
0-7397-3719-8
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
a
b
Wangchuk, Rinzin (2007-12-27).
"Observing Ngenpa Guzom"
.
Kuensel
online
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
a
b
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. MarktheDay.com
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
"Holidays of Bhutan Fall/Winter"
. Far Flung Places & Bhutan Tourism Corporation. 2011-07-03
. Retrieved
2011-07-26
.
- ^
a
b
"Traditional Day of Offering"
.
Kuensel
online. 2006-01-29
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
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. Bhutan Journals online
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
a
b
Namgyel, Tenzin (2010-01-17).
"The Real Losar?"
.
Kuensel
online
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
Tshering, Dechen (2011-01-06).
"The Cooking Up"
.
Kuensel
online
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
Dahal, Rabi C (2010-02-12).
"Our Cousins in Losar Celebrations"
.
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online
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
a
b
c
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. Far Flung Places & Bhutan Tourism Corporation. 2011-07-03
. Retrieved
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.
- ^
Palden, Karma (2010-10-24).
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.
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. Retrieved
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.
- ^
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.
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online
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
Bhandari, Achyut (2010-10-23).
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.
Bhutan Observer
online
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
"Bhutan Festivals"
. RAOnline. 2011-06-17
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
Namgyal, Gyembo (2010-01-19).
"It is Lhasoel Time in the East"
.
Bhutan Observer
online. Archived from
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on 2011-01-20
. Retrieved
2011-07-27
.
- ^
"The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan (Art. 1)"
(PDF)
.
Government of Bhutan
. 2008-07-18. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 2011-07-06
. Retrieved
2010-10-08
.
- ^
"National Day Celebrations"
.
Bhutan Broadcasting Service
. 2010-12-17
. Retrieved
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.
- ^
Tenzin, Ugyen (2009-12-19).
"December 17, the Essence"
.
Bhutan Observer
online
. Retrieved
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.
- ^
"National Day of Bhutan"
. Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation online. 2010-12-16
. Retrieved
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.
- ^
Lorie, Jonathan; Sohanpaul, Amy, eds. (2006).
The Traveler's Handbook: The Insider's Guide to World Travel
. Traveler's Handbook Series (9 ed.). Globe Pequot. p. 206.
ISBN
0-7627-4090-6
. Retrieved
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.
- ^
"Festival Dates"
. Vivaan Adventure Pvt Ltd
. Retrieved
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.