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Urban Aboriginal American settlements in the United States
This article is about urban Aboriginal American settlements in the United States. For European colonies in India, see
European colonies in India
. For settlements of Indians outside of India, see
Indian diaspora
.
An
Indian colony
is a
Native American
settlement associated with an
urban area
. Although some of them become official
Indian reservations
, they differ from most reservations in that they are placed where Native Americans could find employment in mainstream American economy. Many were originally formed without
federal
encouragement or sanction.
Locations and establishment
[
edit
]
Indian colonies are especially common in
Nevada
. As the
Great Basin
ecosystem
is very fragile, native lifeways became untenable soon after white settlement due to livestock over-grazing, water diversions and the felling of
Pinyon pine
groves. At that time there were few official reservations in the area, and those were terribly run even by contemporary standards. Many Native Americans chose instead to seek jobs in white ranches,
farms
and cities. The areas in which they settled became known as Indian Camps or Colonies. In some cases they owned the land they settled on, in other cases they settled on public land. Starting in the early twentieth century, the federal government began establishing
Indian trust territories
for the colonies on public land.
Following the
Indian Reorganization Act
of 1934, many of the Indian colonies gained federal recognition as tribes. Many of the tribes formed this way are unusual in that they include members from different nations. For example, the
Reno-Sparks Indian Colony
has members with
Washoe
,
Paiute
and
Shoshone
heritage.
Examples
[
edit
]
The following is an incomplete list of Indian Colonies in the
United States
:
Indian Colony
|
Group
|
Battle Mountain, Nevada
|
Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada
, Battle Mountain Band
|
Burns, Oregon
|
Burns Paiute Indian Colony
|
Bridgeport, California
|
Bridgeport Paiute Indian Colony of California
|
Carson City, Nevada
|
Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California
, Carson Community Council
|
Dresslerville, Nevada
|
Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California
, Dresslerville Council
|
Elko, Nevada
|
Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada
, Elko Band
|
Ely, Nevada
|
Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada
|
Fallon, Nevada
|
Paiute-Shoshone Tribe of the Fallon Reservation and Colony
|
Las Vegas, Nevada
|
Las Vegas Tribe of Paiute Indians of the Las Vegas Indian Colony
|
Lovelock, Nevada
|
Lovelock Paiute Tribe of the Lovelock Indian Colony
|
Reno, Nevada
|
Reno-Sparks Indian Colony
|
Carson City, Nevada
|
Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California
, Stewart Community Council
[1]
|
Wells, Nevada
|
Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians of Nevada
, Wells Band
|
Winnemucca, Nevada
|
Winnemucca Indian Colony of Nevada
|
Woodfords, California
|
Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California
, Woodfords Community Council
|
Yerington, Nevada
|
Yerington Paiute Tribe of the Yerington Colony and Campbell Ranch
|
See also
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]
References
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]
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Statutes
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Precedents
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By state
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