ISO/IEC 8859-8

ISO-8859-8: Latin/Hebrew
MIME / IANA	ISO-8859-8
Alias(es)	iso-ir-138, hebrew, csISOLatinHebrew
Language(s)	Hebrew , English
Standard	ISO/IEC 8859-8, ECMA-121, SI 1311
Classification	extended ASCII , ISO 8859
Based on	DEC Hebrew (8-bit) , ISO/IEC 8859-1
Other related encoding(s)	Windows-1255
	v ; t ; e ;

ISO/IEC 8859-8 , Information technology ? 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets ? Part 8: Latin/Hebrew alphabet , is part of the ISO/IEC 8859 series of ASCII-based standard character encodings . ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999 from 1999 represents its second and current revision, preceded by the first edition ISO/IEC 8859-8:1988 in 1988. It is informally referred to as Latin/Hebrew . ISO/IEC 8859-8 covers all the Hebrew letters , but no Hebrew vowel signs . IBM assigned code page 916 ( CCSIDs 916 and 5012) to it. ^[2]^[3]^[4] This character set was also adopted by Israeli Standard SI1311:2002, with some extensions.

ISO-8859-8 is the IANA preferred charset name for this standard when supplemented with the C0 and C1 control codes from ISO/IEC 6429 . The text is (usually) in logical order, so bidi processing is required for display. Nominally ISO-8859-8 ( code page 28598 ) is for “visual order”, and ISO-8859-8- I ( code page 38598 ) is for logical order. But usually in practice, and required for XML documents, ^{[
citation needed
]} ISO-8859-8 also stands for logical order text. The WHATWG Encoding Standard used by HTML5 treats ISO-8859-8 and ISO-8859-8- I as distinct encodings with the same mapping due to influence on the layout direction, but notes that this no longer applies to ISO-8859-6 (Arabic), only to ISO-8859-8. ^[5]

There is also ISO-8859-8-E which supposedly requires directionality to be explicitly specified with special control characters; this latter variant is in practice unused.

The Microsoft Windows code page for Hebrew, Windows-1255 , is mostly an extension of ISO/IEC 8859-8 without C1 controls, except for the omission of the double underscore, and replacement of the generic currency sign ( ¤ ) with the sheqel sign (?). It adds support for vowel points as combining characters, and some additional punctuation.

Over a decade after the publication of that standard, Unicode is preferred, at least for the Internet ^[6] (meaning UTF-8 , the dominant encoding for web pages). ISO-8859-8 is used by less than 0.1% of websites. ^[7]

Code page layout [ edit ]

ISO/IEC 8859-8 ^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
0x
1x
2x	SP	!	"	#	$	%	&	'	(	)	*	+	,	-	.	/
3x	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	:	;	<	=	>	?
4x	@	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O
5x	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	[	\	]	^	_
6x	`	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o
7x	p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z	{	\|	}	~
8x
9x
Ax	NBSP		￠	￡	¤	￥	\|	§	¨	ⓒ	×	≪	￢	SHY	®	?
Bx	°	±	²	³	´	μ	¶	·	¸	¹	÷	≫	¼	½	¾
Cx
Dx																?
Ex	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
Fx	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?			LRM	RLM

Different from both DEC Hebrew (8-bit) and ISO-8859-1 .

FD is left-to-right mark (U+200E) and FE is right-to-left mark (U+200F), as specified in a newer amendment as ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999.

2002 Israeli Standard extensions [ edit ]

Israeli Standard SI1311:2002 matches ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999 except for a number of additional character allocations for the euro sign , new shekel sign and more advanced explicit bidirectional formatting . ^[12]

SI1311:2002 ^[12]
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
Dx										€	?	LRO	RLO	PDF		?
Ex	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
Fx	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	LRE	RLE	LRM	RLM

Absent from ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999, added in SI1311:2002.

References [ edit ]

^ Character Sets , Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), 2018-12-12
^ "Code page 916 information document" . Archived from the original on 2017-02-16.
^ "CCSID 916 information document" . Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.
^ "CCSID 5012 information document" . Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.
^ van Kesteren, Anne . "9. Legacy single-byte encodings" . Encoding Standard . WHATWG . Note: ISO-8859-8 and ISO-8859-8- I are distinct encoding names, because ISO-8859-8 has influence on the layout direction. And although historically this might have been the case for ISO-8859-6 and "ISO-8859-6- I " as well, that is no longer true.
^ John, Nicholas A. (2013). "The Construction of the Multilingual Internet: Unicode, Hebrew, and Globalization" . Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication . 18 (3): 321?338. doi : 10.1111/jcc4.12015 . ISSN 1083-6101 . Background: the problem of Hebrew and the Internet
^ "Usage Statistics of ISO-8859-8 for Websites, January 2019" . w3techs.com . Retrieved 2019-01-17 .
^ Code Page CPGID 00916 (pdf) (PDF) , IBM
^ Code Page CPGID 00916 (txt) , IBM
^ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-916_P100-1995.ucm , 2002-12-03
^ International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-5012_P100-1999.ucm , 2002-12-03
^ ^a ^b Standards Institution of Israel . ISO-IR-234: Latin/Hebrew character set for 8-bit codes (PDF) . ITSCJ/ IPSJ .

External links [ edit ]

ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999
Standard ECMA-121 - 8-Bit Single-Byte Coded Graphics Character Sets - Latin/Hebrew Alphabet
Israeli Standard SI1311:2002 Archived 2005-11-24 at the Wayback Machine (Hebrew)
ISO-IR registrations:
- From ECMA-121:1987 and following ISO/IEC 8859-8:1988: European Computer Manufacturers Association (1987-07-31). ISO-IR-138: Latin/Hebrew Alphabet (PDF) . ITSCJ/ IPSJ .
- Following ISO/IEC 8859-8:1999 and ECMA-121:2000: Standards Institution of Israel (1998-05-01). ISO-IR-198: Latin/Hebrew Alphabet (PDF) . ITSCJ/ IPSJ .
- From SI 1311:2002: Standards Institution of Israel (2004-07-20). ISO-IR-234: Latin/Hebrew character set for 8-bit codes (PDF) . ITSCJ/ IPSJ .

[1] Character Sets , Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), 2018-12-12

[2] "Code page 916 information document" . Archived from the original on 2017-02-16.

[3] "CCSID 916 information document" . Archived from the original on 2014-11-29.

[4] "CCSID 5012 information document" . Archived from the original on 2016-03-27.

[5] van Kesteren, Anne . "9. Legacy single-byte encodings" . Encoding Standard . WHATWG . Note: ISO-8859-8 and ISO-8859-8- I are distinct encoding names, because ISO-8859-8 has influence on the layout direction. And although historically this might have been the case for ISO-8859-6 and "ISO-8859-6- I " as well, that is no longer true.

[6] John, Nicholas A. (2013). "The Construction of the Multilingual Internet: Unicode, Hebrew, and Globalization" . Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication . 18 (3): 321?338. doi : 10.1111/jcc4.12015 . ISSN 1083-6101 . Background: the problem of Hebrew and the Internet

[7] "Usage Statistics of ISO-8859-8 for Websites, January 2019" . w3techs.com . Retrieved 2019-01-17 .

[8] Code Page CPGID 00916 (pdf) (PDF) , IBM

[9] Code Page CPGID 00916 (txt) , IBM

[10] International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-916_P100-1995.ucm , 2002-12-03

[11] International Components for Unicode (ICU), ibm-5012_P100-1999.ucm , 2002-12-03

[ir234-12] Standards Institution of Israel . ISO-IR-234: Latin/Hebrew character set for 8-bit codes (PDF) . ITSCJ/ IPSJ .

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[12]

v t e Hebrew encodings
EBCDIC	1028 1082 1083
DEC	DEC Hebrew (7-bit) DEC Hebrew (8-bit)
ISO/IEC	ISO-8859-8 916 28598 ISO-8859-8-I 38598 ISO-8859-8-E
DOS	100 856 862 867
Windows	1255
Macintosh	Hebrew 10005
Atari	Atari ST / STE / TT / Falcon
National	SI 960 SI 1311 ECMA-121
Multibyte	LMBCS-3 Unicode ISO/IEC 10646

v t e Character encodings
Early telecommunications	Telegraph code Needle Morse Non-Latin Wabun/Kana Chinese Cyrillic Korean Baudot and Murray Fieldata ASCII ISO/IEC 646 BCDIC Teletex and Videotex / Teletext T.51/ISO/IEC 6937 ITU T.61 ITU T.101 World System Teletext background sets Transcode
ISO/IEC 8859	Approved parts -1 (Western Europe) -2 (Central Europe) -3 (Maltese/Esperanto) -4 (North Europe) -5 (Cyrillic) -6 (Arabic) -7 (Greek) -8 (Hebrew) -9 (Turkish) -10 (Nordic) -11 (Thai) -13 (Baltic) -14 (Celtic) -15 (New Western Europe) -16 (Romanian) Abandoned parts -12 (Devanagari) Proposed but not approved KOI-8 Cyrillic Sami Adaptations Welsh Barents Cyrillic Estonian Ukrainian Cyrillic
Bibliographic use	MARC-8 ANSEL CCCII/EACC ISO 5426 5426-2 5427 5428 6438 6862
National standards	ArmSCII Big5 BraSCII CNS 11643 DIN 66003 ELOT 927 GOST 10859 GB 2312 GB 12345 GB 12052 GB 18030 HKSCS ISCII JIS X 0201 JIS X 0208 JIS X 0212 JIS X 0213 KOI-7 KPS 9566 KS X 1001 KS X 1002 LST 1564 LST 1590-4 PASCII Shift JIS SI 960 TIS-620 TSCII VISCII VSCII YUSCII
ISO/IEC 2022	ISO/IEC 8859 ISO/IEC 10367 Extended Unix Code / EUC
Mac OS Code pages ("scripts")	Armenian Arabic Barents Cyrillic Celtic Central European Croatian Cyrillic Devanagari Farsi (Persian) Font X (Kermit) Gaelic Georgian Greek Gujarati Gurmukhi Hebrew Iceland Inuit Keyboard Latin (Kermit) Maltese/Esperanto Ogham Roman Romanian Sami Turkish Turkic Cyrillic Ukrainian VT100
DOS code pages	437 668 708 720 737 770 773 775 776 777 778 850 851 852 853 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 897 899 903 904 932 936 942 949 950 951 1034 1040 1042 1043 1044 1098 1115 1116 1117 1118 1127 3846 ABICOMP CS Indic CSX Indic CSX+ Indic CWI-2 Iran System Kamenicky Mazovia MIK
IBM AIX code pages	895 896 912 915 921 922 1006 1008 1009 1010 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1046 1124 1133
Windows code pages	CER-GS 932 936 ( GBK ) 950 1169 Extended Latin-8 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1270 Cyrillic + Finnish Cyrillic + French Cyrillic + German Polytonic Greek
EBCDIC code pages	Japanese language in EBCDIC DKOI
DEC terminals ( VTx )	Multinational (MCS) National Replacement (NRCS) French Canadian Swiss Spanish United Kingdom Dutch Finnish French Norwegian and Danish Swedish Norwegian and Danish (alternative) 8-bit Greek 8-bit Turkish SI 960 Hebrew Special Graphics Technical (TCS)
Platform specific	1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 Acorn RISC OS Amstrad CPC Apple II ATASCII Atari ST BICS Casio calculators CDC Compucolor 8001 Compucolor II CP/M+ DEC RADIX 50 DEC MCS / NRCS DG International Galaksija GEM GSM 03.38 HP Roman HP FOCAL HP RPL SQUOZE LICS LMBCS MSX NEC APC NeXT PETSCII PostScript Standard PostScript Latin 1 SAM Coupe Sega SC-3000 Sharp calculators Sharp MZ Sinclair QL Teletext TI calculators TRS-80 Ventura International WISCII XCCS ZX80 ZX81 ZX Spectrum
Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646	UTF-1 UTF-7 UTF-8 UTF-16 UTF-32 UTF-EBCDIC GB 18030 DIN 91379 BOCU-1 CESU-8 SCSU TACE16 Comparison of Unicode encodings
TeX typesetting system	Cork LY1 OML OMS OT1
Miscellaneous code pages	ABICOMP ASMO 449 Digital encoding of APL symbols ISO-IR-68 ARIB STD-B24 Fieldata HZ IEC-P27-1 INIS 7-bit 8-bit ISO-IR-169 ISO 2033 KOI KOI8-R KOI8-RU KOI8-U Mojiky? SEASCII Stanford/ITS Symbol TRON Unified Hangul Code
Control character	Morse prosigns C0 and C1 control codes ISO/IEC 6429 JIS X 0211 Unicode control, format and separator characters Whitespace characters
Related topics	CCSID Character encodings in HTML Charset detection Han unification Hardware code page MICR code Mojibake Variable-length encoding
Character sets

v t e ISO standards by standard number
List of ISO standards ? ISO romanizations ? IEC standards
1?9999	1 2 3 4 6 7 9 16 17 31 -0 -1 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 68-1 128 216 217 226 228 233 259 261 262 302 306 361 500 518 519 639 -1 -2 -3 -5 -6 646 657 668 690 704 732 764 838 843 860 898 965 999 1000 1004 1007 1073-1 1073-2 1155 1413 1538 1629 1745 1989 2014 2015 2022 2033 2047 2108 2145 2146 2240 2281 2533 2709 2711 2720 2788 2848 2852 2921 3029 3103 3166 -1 -2 -3 3297 3307 3601 3602 3864 3901 3950 3977 4031 4157 4165 4217 4909 5218 5426 5427 5428 5725 5775 5776 5800 5807 5964 6166 6344 6346 6373 6385 6425 6429 6438 6523 6709 6943 7001 7002 7010 7027 7064 7098 7185 7200 7498 -1 7637 7736 7810 7811 7812 7813 7816 7942 8000 8093 8178 8217 8373 8501-1 8571 8583 8601 8613 8632 8651 8652 8691 8805/8806 8807 8820-5 8859 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -8-I -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 -14 -15 -16 8879 9000/9001 9036 9075 9126 9141 9227 9241 9293 9314 9362 9407 9496 9506 9529 9564 9592/9593 9594 9660 9797-1 9897 9899 9945 9984 9985 9995
10000?19999	10006 10007 10116 10118-3 10160 10161 10165 10179 10206 10218 10279 10303 -11 -21 -22 -28 -238 10383 10585 10589 10628 10646 10664 10746 10861 10957 10962 10967 11073 11170 11172 11179 11404 11544 11783 11784 11785 11801 11889 11898 11940 ( -2 ) 11941 11941 (TR) 11992 12006 12052 12182 12207 12234-2 12620 13211 -1 -2 13216 13250 13399 13406-2 13450 13485 13490 13567 13568 13584 13616 13816 13818 14000 14031 14224 14289 14396 14443 14496 -2 -3 -6 -10 -11 -12 -14 -17 -20 14617 14644 14649 14651 14698 14764 14882 14971 15022 15189 15288 15291 15292 15398 15408 15444 -3 -9 15445 15438 15504 15511 15686 15693 15706 -2 15707 15897 15919 15924 15926 15926 WIP 15930 15938 16023 16262 16355-1 16485 16612-2 16750 16949 (TS) 17024 17025 17100 17203 17369 17442 17506 17799 18004 18014 18181 18245 18629 18916 19005 19011 19092 -1 -2 19114 19115 19125 19136 19407 19439 19500 19501 19502 19503 19505 19506 19507 19508 19509 19510 19600 19752 19757 19770 19775-1 19794-5 19831
20000?29999	20000 20022 20121 20400 20802 20830 21000 21001 21047 21122 21500 21827 22000 22275 22300 22301 22395 22537 23000 23003 23008 23009 23090-3 23092 23094-1 23094-2 23270 23271 23360 23941 24517 24613 24617 24707 24728 25178 25964 26000 26262 26300 26324 27000 series 27000 27001 27002 27005 27006 27729 28000 29110 29148 29199-2 29500
30000+	30170 31000 32000 37001 38500 39075 40500 42010 45001 50001 55000 56000 80000
Category

Code page layout [ edit ]

2002 Israeli Standard extensions [ edit ]

See also [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

External links [ edit ]