Class of patrol boats built for the Royal Australian Navy
|
Class overview
|
Name
| Armidale
class
|
Builders
| Austal
|
Operators
|
Royal Australian Navy
|
Preceded by
| Fremantle
class
|
Succeeded by
| Arafura
class
and
Cape
class
|
Cost
| A$24?28 million per ship.
[1]
[2]
|
Built
| 2004?2007
|
In commission
| 2005?present
|
Completed
| 14
|
Active
| 5
|
Lost
| 1
|
Retired
| 9
|
General characteristics
|
Type
| Patrol boat
|
Displacement
| 300 tons standard load
|
Length
| 56.8 m (186 ft)
|
Beam
| 9.7 m (32 ft)
|
Draught
| 2.7 m (8.9 ft)
|
Propulsion
| 2 ×
MTU
4000 16V 6,225 horsepower (4,642 kW) diesels driving twin propellers
|
Speed
| 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph)
|
Range
| 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
|
Endurance
| 21 days standard, 42 days maximum
|
Boats & landing
craft carried
| 2 × Zodiac 7.2 m (24 ft)
RHIBs
|
Complement
| 21 crew standard, 29 crew maximum, maximum 150 persons onboard
|
Sensors and
processing systems
| Bridgemaster E surface search/navigation radar
|
Electronic warfare
& decoys
|
- Prism III radar warning system
- Toplite electro-optical detection system
- Warrlock direction finding system
|
Armament
| |
The
Armidale
class
is a
class
of
patrol boats
built for the
Royal Australian Navy
(RAN). Planning for a class of vessels to replace the fifteen
Fremantle
-class
patrol boats began in 1993 as a joint project with the
Royal Malaysian Navy
, but was cancelled when Malaysia pulled out of the process. The project was reopened in 1999 under the designation
SEA 1444
, with the RAN as the sole participant. Of the seven proposals
tendered
, the
Austal
/
Defence Maritime Services
(DMS) proposal for twelve vessels based on an enlarged
Bay-class
patrol boat was selected. Two additional boats were ordered in 2005 to provide a dedicated patrol force for the
North West Shelf Venture
.
All fourteen vessels were constructed by
Austal
at
Henderson, Western Australia
. The first vessel,
HMAS
Armidale
, was commissioned into the RAN in June 2005, and the last,
HMAS
Glenelg
, entered service in February 2008. The
Armidale
-class ships are operated by the
Australian Patrol Boat Group
, and based in
Cairns
and
Darwin
. They are primarily tasked with border protection, fisheries patrols, and the interception of
unauthorised arrivals
by sea. The
Armidale
s are longer and heavier than their
Fremantle
-class predecessors, with improved
seakeeping
ability and increased range, allowing them to reach
Australia's offshore territories
.
During their early service life, there were problems with the fuel systems across the class, and a 20-bunk auxiliary accommodation compartment has been banned from use after toxic fumes were found in the compartment on multiple occasions. The high operational tempo from the
Operation Resolute
and
Operation Sovereign Borders
border protection and
asylum seeker
interception operations, combined with design flaws and poor maintenance, resulted in the ships suffering from hull fracturing around the engineering spaces, mechanical defects, and corrosion issues. DMS's contract to provide in-service support was terminated in 2017, and the patrol boats underwent a major refit in Singapore to reinforce the hull. Two
Cape-class
patrol boats have been chartered to supplement naval patrol boat availability during the refit cycle, and plans to replace the
Armidale
s with an enlarged class of offshore combatant vessel have been accelerated to bring them into service by the early 2020s.
After extensive damage from an onboard fire,
HMAS
Bundaberg
was decommissioned at the end of 2014. A fictional
Armidale
-class boat, HMAS
Hammersley
, appears in the Australian military drama series
Sea Patrol
from the second season onwards, with filming occurring aboard multiple ships of the class.
Development and tendering
[
edit
]
Planning for the
Armidale
class began in 1993, as a plan to replace the
Fremantle
class
, which was due for retirement in 1998.
[1]
This evolved into a joint program with Malaysia to construct an offshore patrol craft.
[1]
When Malaysia pulled out, the plan was scrapped, and the
Fremantle
s underwent a life-extending refit.
[3]
The cost of maintaining the ageing vessels prompted the
Department of Defence
to create the Replacement Patrol Boat program, which received the procurement project designation SEA 1444.
[3]
SEA 1444 marked several departures from the department's standard acquisition requirements. Instead of specifying a number of vessels, the coverage of 3,000 ship-days per year (with 1,800 to be spent on border protection operations, and a
surge
capability of 3,600 days) was given, with the producer to determine how many ships were needed to meet this.
[3]
[4]
The ships had to meet specific performance parameters, such as the ability to conduct boarding operations in conditions up to
Sea State
4, and to maintain surveillance capability up to Sea State 5.
[5]
The producer was also required in the contract to provide support and maintenance for the ships, for fifteen years after construction completed.
[5]
Nine companies expressed interest in the project; of these, seven had the required capability to build the ships.
[4]
These seven were narrowed down to three based on each tender's merit, competitiveness with the other tenders, and successful meeting of Australian industry involvement targets for both construction and long-term support.
[4]
Austal
and
Defence Maritime Services
(DMS) partnered to offer twelve ships based on an expanded version of the latter's
Bay-class
patrol boat, in use with the
Australian Customs Service
.
[1]
The companies submitted two proposals for a 56-metre (184 ft) vessel, one with a steel hull, and one with an aluminium hull; the latter offering a 21% reduction in fuel consumption.
[6]
Australian Defence Industries
(ADI) tendered a design based on the
Royal Danish Navy
's
Flyvefisken
-class
patrol vessel.
[7]
The vessel was to be built with a
glass-reinforced plastic
hull, similar to ADI's
Huon
-class
minehunters
.
[7]
The
Tenix
proposal was a variant of a 56-metre (184 ft) search and rescue vessel constructed for the
Philippine Coast Guard
.
[7]
The tender was awarded to the Austal/DMS partnership in December 2003.
[1]
[8]
The contract was valued at $553 million, with each ship costing between $24 million and $28 million to construct.
[1]
[2]
During the
2004 federal election
, the
Howard government
promised to acquire two more patrol boats to provide a dedicated patrol force for the
North West Shelf Venture
located off the north-west coast of Australia.
[5]
[9]
These were ordered in 2005.
[1]
The order was placed in June 2006.
[10]
Design and construction
[
edit
]
All fourteen boats were constructed by Austal at its shipyard in
Henderson, Western Australia
.
[11]
Lead ship
HMAS
Armidale
was
commissioned
into the RAN in June 2005.
[11]
Two other patrol boats were delivered to the RAN in 2005, six in 2006, and five in 2007, with the final ship in the class,
HMAS
Glenelg
, delivered in October 2007 and commissioned in February 2008.
[1]
At one stage, six vessels were being constructed simultaneously.
[1]
Each patrol boat has a length of 56.8 metres (186 ft), a
beam
of 9.7 metres (32 ft), a
draught
of 2.7 metres (8.9 ft), and a standard
displacement
of 300 tons.
[11]
The hull is of the semi-displacement vee type, and is fabricated from aluminum alloy.
[1]
The ship is designed to a combination of
Det Norske Veritas
standards for high-speed light craft and RAN requirements: much effort went into avoiding attempts to
overengineer
the
Armidale
s or turn them into 'miniature warships'.
[1]
The
Armidale
s can travel at a maximum speed of 25
knots
(46 km/h; 29 mph), and are driven by two
propeller
shafts, each connected to an
MTU
4000 16V diesel engine, providing 6,225
horsepower
(4,642 kW).
[11]
The ships have a range of 3,000
nautical miles
(5,600 km; 3,500 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph), allowing them to patrol the waters around the distant
territories of Australia
, including the
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
and
Christmas Island
.
[1]
The
Armidale
class has demonstrated an improved seakeeping ability over the preceding
Fremantle
class: the
Armidale
s are 15 metres (49 ft) longer, 85 tons heavier, and have hydraulic stabiliser fins and
trim tabs
incorporated into the design, allowing them to survive conditions up to Sea State 9.
[1]
The vessels are designed for standard patrols of 21 days, with a maximum endurance of 42 days.
[1]
[9]
Weapons and systems
[
edit
]
The main armament of the
Armidale
class is a
Rafael Typhoon stabilised 25-millimetre (0.98 in) gun mount
fitted with an
M242 Bushmaster
autocannon.
[9]
This cannon has a
rate of fire
of 200 rounds per minute, and is controlled remotely from the
bridge
.
[12]
Two 12.7-millimetre (0.50 in) machine guns are also carried.
[12]
Boarding operations are performed by two 7.2-metre (24 ft), waterjet propelled
rigid-hulled inflatable boats
(RHIB), which carry ten people (a fully equipped, eight-strong boarding party, and two boat crew).
[1]
The RHIBs are larger and more powerful than the single RHIB aboard a
Fremantle
, are capable of operating independently of their mothership, and carry their own communications, navigation, and safety equipment.
[1]
[13]
Each RHIB has a dedicated cradle and
davit
, the boats can be launched and recovered easily, and a centralised 'dressing room' incorporated into the ship's design has streamlined the deployment and return of personnel.
[1]
The patrol boats are fitted with a Bridgemaster E surface search and navigational radar, a Toplite electro-optical detection system, and a Warrlock direction finding system.
[1]
[11]
[13]
A Prism III radar warning system was fitted to the last two boats during construction, and retro-fitted to the rest.
[1]
Tenders for a
Naval Unmanned Aerial System
(NUAS) capability for the
Armidale
class were requested in mid-2014.
[14]
Complement
[
edit
]
Each patrol boat has a standard ship's company of 21 personnel, with a maximum of 29 (not including use of the austere compartment).
[1]
[9]
Unlike the
Fremantle
-class patrol boats, the
Armidale
s do not have a permanently assigned ship's company.
[1]
Instead, there are 21 crews established for the 14
Armidale
-class patrol boats, which are divided up into four divisions:
Attack
,
Assail
,
Ardent
, and
Aware
.
[2]
The first three of the Divisions are assigned six crews for four ships, while
Aware
has three crews for two ships.
[1]
The ships are continually manned, with two out of three crews actively deployed while the third undergoes leave or training, or prepares to transfer into a ship: a handover can be accomplished in less than six hours.
[1]
The intention of multi-crewing is to allow the ships to spend more time at sea, without compromising sailors' rest time or training requirements.
[2]
Junior sailors are housed in four-berth cabins, as opposed to the central sixteen-berth
mess deck
of the
Fremantle
s, while senior sailors and commissioned officers either have individual or share two-berth cabins.
[1]
Personnel have access to e-mail and satellite television, and the galley is better equipped than that on a
Fremantle
-class vessel and better suited to use in heavy seas.
[1]
The comfort of personnel is also significantly improved over the
Fremantle
s, with air conditioning throughout the entire ship (excluding engine and machinery compartments).
[1]
Problems
[
edit
]
The introduction of the class into service has not been without problems. Since June 2005, all active
Armidale
s have undergone operating restrictions on two occasions, both due to water contamination of the main fuel systems.
[2]
The first occurrence, in September 2006, led to the suspension of operations by the patrol boats for a month, and the engineering controls were redesigned.
[1]
The problem occurred again in January 2007, and led to an 'operational pause' while Austal redesigned the fuel system, engineering procedures were altered, and fuel quality criteria were tightened.
[1]
The five ships yet to be completed were fitted with the modified fuel system during construction, while the active ships were refitted over the course of 2007.
[1]
As of December 2007, no further fuel problems have occurred.
[1]
A 20-berth auxiliary accommodation compartment (the 'austere' compartment) was included in the design, for the transportation of soldiers, illegal fishermen, or unauthorised arrivals; in the latter two cases, the compartment could be secured from the outside.
[15]
However, a malfunction in the sewage treatment facilities aboard
HMAS
Maitland
in August 2006 pumped
hydrogen sulphide
and
carbon monoxide
into the compartment, non-fatally poisoning four sailors working inside
[2]
[15]
resulting in use of the compartment as accommodation being heavily restricted across the class.
[2]
[16]
In 2010, allegations were made to
The Australian
that a sailor working in the austere compartment on a different vessel had been gassed with hydrogen sulphide, and carbon monoxide was regularly detected in the enclosed space.
[15]
Following publication of the allegations, Chief of Navy
Russ Crane
claimed that there was no record of the alleged gassing incident, and while there were ongoing incidents of poisonous gasses detected in the compartment, the sensors were set to trigger well below dangerous levels, and modifications were being made to the sewerage and ventilation systems.
[17]
In 2014, the navy reported the recurrence of hull cracking around the engine spaces, which has been attributed to a combination of design issues related to the aluminium hull, and the high tempo of operations.
[18]
By 2015, several patrol boats were confined to port because of structural, mechanical, and corrosion issues.
[18]
In response, the Department of Defence threatened to cancel DMS' maintenance contract based on the company's poor performance in maintaining the
Armidale'
s (but did not go ahead due to the political repercussions from potentially losing local jobs).
[18]
Defence and
Serco
(the parent company of DMS) later agreed to end the contract in 2017, with the Australian government to tender for a new in-service support contract during 2016.
[19]
The patrol boat fleet began a mid-life refit program in October 2015, in order to extend hull life until a
replacement class
of larger vessels enters service from 2022.
[19]
The patrol boats were refitted two at a time in Singapore, with the RAN chartering the
Cape-class
patrol boats
Cape Byron
and
Cape Nelson
from mid-2015 until the end of 2016 to supplement naval patrol boat availability.
[18]
[19]
During work on the first two patrol boats, the estimated cost of work-per-vessel doubled to A$7 million.
[19]
Operational history
[
edit
]
The
Armidale
-class ships are operated by the
Australian Patrol Boat Group
and are primarily tasked with border protection and fisheries patrols.
[2]
Multiple
Armidale
-class boats are assigned to patrols of Australian waters at any given time as part of
Operation Resolute
(and later
Operation Sovereign Borders
[
citation needed
]
), with an ability to surge further vessels when required.
[20]
On introduction of the
Armidale
class, the Australian Patrol Boat Group was reorganised into four divisions, named after
Attack
class ships:
- 1st/
Attack
Division (
HMAS
Coonawarra
,
Darwin
)
- Six Armidale Class patrol boat crews (Attack 1?6)
- 2nd/
Assail
Division (HMAS
Coonawarra
)
- Six Armidale Class patrol boat crews (Assail 1?6)
- 3rd/
Ardent
Division (
HMAS
Cairns
,
Cairns
)
- Six Armidale Class patrol boat crews (Ardent 1?6)
- 4th/
Aware
Division (
Dampier, Western Australia
)
- Three Armidale Class patrol boat crews (Aware 1?3) (based in Darwin)
The Patrol Boat force has subsequently been reorganised to allocate a single crew to each platform.
At the start of 2014, the long transit differences and near-constant deployment of the patrol boats for Operation Resolute was impacting on the ability to keep the vessels properly maintained.
[16]
In August 2014, a fire broke out aboard
Bundaberg
while undergoing refit work at a civilian shipyard in
Hemmant, Queensland
.
[21]
[22]
The patrol boat was damaged beyond repair and was decommissioned on 18 December.
[23]
In November 2017 the RAN began deploying
Armidale
-class patrol boats to the Philippines. The boats have been used to conduct counter-terrorism patrols in the
Sulu Sea
with the
Philippine Navy
.
[24]
Fleet list
[
edit
]
Appearances in fiction
[
edit
]
| This section
needs expansion
with: Ships used for filming of seasons 3?5 of Sea Patrol. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
March 2015
)
|
From the second season onwards of
Sea Patrol
, an Australian military drama series, the fictional
Armidale
-class patrol boat HMAS
Hammersley
(
pennant number
82) is used as the main setting.
[31]
In 2008, two ships were
conflated
to represent
Hammersley
: 42 of the 86 days of filming were spent aboard
HMAS
Broome
, with later
pick-up filming
aboard
HMAS
Launceston
.
[31]
Replacement
[
edit
]
Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030
, the 2009 Department of Defence
white paper
, proposed replacing the
Armidale
s, along with the RAN's mine warfare and hydrographic vessels, with a single class of multi-role
offshore combatant vessels
(OCVs).
[32]
[33]
These vessels, with a theoretical maximum
displacement
up to 2,000 tonnes, would use a
modular mission payload system
to change between roles as required, and would be equipped for helicopter or
unmanned aerial vehicle
operations.
[32]
[33]
[34]
[35]
The 2013 white paper postponed the multi-role OCV as a long-term project.
[36]
The 2013 white paper proposed that an existing OCV design be sourced as a short-term replacement for the
Armidale
class.
[36]
Procurement project SEA 1179 is undertaking several studies towards the replacement of the
Armidale
s.
[37]
In April 2016, the Lurssen OPV80A design was selected to replace the
Armidale
class ships. The replacement OPVs will be larger and provide improved seakeeping and endurance.
[38]
Construction started in 2018, with entry into service planned from 2022.
[38]
[39]
A hull remediation program was implemented to extend the lifespans of the patrol boats to this point.
[18]
In 2020, the RAN decided to acquire six evolved
Cape
class
patrol boats instead of performing a full life of type extension (LOTE) on six
Armidale
class boats.
[40]
[41]
Citations
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
aa
ab
ac
ad
Kerr,
Plain sailing
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
Kerr,
Patrol boats shake down fuel faults
- ^
a
b
c
Heron & Powell, in
Australian Maritime Issues 2006
, p. 129
- ^
a
b
c
Finalists await Patrol Boat decision
, in
Defence Today
, p. 36
- ^
a
b
c
Heron & Powell, in
Australian Maritime Issues 2006
, p. 130
- ^
Finalists await Patrol Boat decision
, in
Defence Today
, p. 38
- ^
a
b
c
Finalists await Patrol Boat decision
, in
Defence Today
, p. 40
- ^
Ships Announced as Prefered Tenderer for Royal Australian Navy Patrol Boats
Austral 29 August 2003
- ^
a
b
c
d
Wertheim (ed.),
The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World
, p. 22
- ^
Austal Receives Order for an Additional Two Royal Australian Navy Patrol Boats
Austal 30 June 2006
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Saunders (ed.),
IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2012?2013
, p. 33
- ^
a
b
Heron & Powell, in
Australian Maritime Issues 2006
, p. 132
- ^
a
b
Heron & Powell, in
Australian Maritime Issues 2006
, p. 131
- ^
Australian Aviation,
DMO releases UAS tender
- ^
a
b
c
McKenna,
Gas risk remains for navy boats
- ^
a
b
McPhedran,
The navy's patrol boat fleet is over worked and under maintained according to a new report
- ^
Crane,
Gas Risk Remains for Navy Boats ? A Response from the Chief of the Navy
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
McPhedran,
The $3 million cost of Navy’s decision to lease patrol boats for border protection
- ^
a
b
c
d
Stewart,
Navy patrol boat repairs blow out by $45m
- ^
Australian Department of Defence,
Operation RESOLUTE
- ^
Department of Defence,
Defence update on HMAS Bundaberg fire
(press release)
- ^
Radulova,
Fire! Navy patrol boat HMAS Bundaberg engulfed in flames during maintenance work in a Brisbane dry dock
- ^
Staples,
HMAS Bundaberg decommissioned
- ^
Graham, Euan.
"Australian warships challenged in South China Sea"
.
The Interpreter
. Lowy Institute. Archived from
the original
on 30 April 2021
. Retrieved
29 April
2018
.
- ^
"Farewell to the first of its class"
.
Media release
. Department of Defence. 4 April 2023
. Retrieved
4 April
2023
.
- ^
"Decommissioning of HMAS Maryborough and HMAS Larrakia"
.
- ^
"HMAS Pirie (II)"
.
- ^
"HMAS Ararat decommissions in Darwin"
.
Media release
. Department of Defence. 2 July 2022
. Retrieved
2 July
2022
.
- ^
Leslie, Andre (25 May 2023).
"After a long and storied history, the name HMAS Launceston is set to disappear from the navy ? for now, at least"
.
ABC News
. Retrieved
3 June
2023
.
- ^
"Decommissioning of HMAS Maryborough and HMAS Larrakia"
.
- ^
a
b
Idato,
All ship shape
- ^
a
b
Department of Defence,
Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century
- ^
a
b
Sea Power Centre,
Australian Offshore Combatant Vessels
- ^
Thornton,
The Rationale for the RAN Offshore Combatant Vessel
- ^
Boettger,
The Offshore Combatant Vessel
- ^
a
b
Department of Defence,
Defence White Paper 2013
- ^
Defence Science and Technology Organisation,
Patrol boat replacement
- ^
a
b
Mead,
On track to deliver even more
- ^
"Construction of 3rd Arafura-class OPV begins for Australian Navy ? Naval Post"
. 8 April 2020. Archived from
the original
on 16 January 2021
. Retrieved
6 June
2020
.
- ^
Minister for Defence Linda Reynolds; Minister for Defence Industry Melissa Price (1 May 2020).
"New patrol boats to boost Navy capability"
.
Department of Defence Ministers
(Press release)
. Retrieved
17 September
2022
.
- ^
Australian National Audit Office (2021).
Department of Defence’s Procurement of Six Evolved Cape Class Patrol Boats
(PDF)
. ANAO Report No.15 2021?22. Canberra: The Auditor-General. pp. 14?15.
ISBN
9781760337001
. Retrieved
20 March
2023
.
References
[
edit
]
Books
- Department of Defence (2 May 2009).
Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030
. Commonwealth of Australia. pp. 72?3.
ISBN
978-0-642-29702-0
.
OCLC
426475923
.
- Department of Defence (3 May 2013).
Defence White Paper 2013
. Commonwealth of Australia. p. 84.
ISBN
978-0-9874958-0-8
.
- Heron, Wesley; Powell, Anthony (2007). "Welcome to the Armidale Class". In Forbes, Andrew; Lovi, Michelle (eds.).
Australian Maritime Issues 2006
(PDF)
. Papers in Australian Maritime Affairs. Sea Power Centre ? Australia. pp. 129?134.
ISBN
978-0-642-29644-3
.
ISSN
1327-5658
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 13 June 2011
. Retrieved
12 May
2010
.
- The chapter is available separately as
Semaphore
, Issue 4, 2006 in
PDF
and
HTML
formats.
- Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2012).
IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2012?2013
.
Jane's Fighting Ships
. Coulsdon: IHS Jane's.
ISBN
9780710630087
.
OCLC
793688752
.
- Wertheim, Eric, ed. (2007).
The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems
(15th ed.). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
ISBN
978-1-59114-955-2
.
OCLC
140283156
.
Journal and news articles
- Boettger, Daniel (December 2009). "The Offshore Combatant Vessel: Future Flexibility".
Headmark
(134). Australian Naval Institute: 31.
ISSN
1833-6531
.
- "DMO releases UAS tender"
.
Australian Aviation
. 30 May 2014
. Retrieved
16 September
2014
.
- "Finalist await Patrol Boat decision".
Defence Today
.
2
(1): 36?40. February 2003.
ISSN
1447-0446
.
- Idato, Michael (31 March 2008).
"All ship shape"
.
SydneyMorningHerald.com.au, Entertainment (TV and Radio) section
. p. 2
. Retrieved
10 April
2008
.
- Kerr, Julian (1 January 2008). "Plain sailing: Australia's Armidales prove fit for task".
Jane's Navy International
.
Jane's Information Group
.
- Kerr, Julian (8 December 2007). "Patrol boats shake down fuel faults".
The Australian
: Defence Special Report
. p. 8.
- McKenna, Michael (2 January 2010).
"Gas risk remains for navy boats"
.
The Australian
. Retrieved
9 January
2016
.
- McPhedran, Ian
(4 January 2014).
"The navy's patrol boat fleet is over worked and under maintained according to a new report"
.
Herald Sun
. Retrieved
9 January
2016
.
- McPhedran, Ian
(9 October 2015).
"The $3 million cost of Navy's decision to lease patrol boats for border protection"
. News.com.au
. Retrieved
19 October
2015
.
- Mead, Jonathan (10 September 2015).
"On track to deliver even more"
.
Navy News
. Retrieved
7 September
2015
.
- "Australian Offshore Combatant Vessels"
(PDF)
.
Semaphore
.
2010
(4). Sea Power Centre ? Australia. May 2010. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 20 March 2011
. Retrieved
13 August
2010
.
- Staples, Natalie (19 December 2014).
"HMAS Bundaberg decommissioned"
.
Navy Daily
. Royal Australian Navy. Archived from
the original
on 31 December 2014
. Retrieved
19 December
2014
.
- Stewart, Cameron (6 January 2016).
"Navy patrol boat repairs blow out by $45m"
.
The Australian
. Retrieved
9 January
2016
.
- Thornton, Sean (January 2010). "The Rationale for the RAN Offshore Combatant Vessel".
The Navy
.
72
(1).
Navy League of Australia
: 6?10.
ISSN
1322-6231
.
Press releases
Websites
External links
[
edit
]
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Command
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Organisation
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Ships and
equipment
|
- Current fleet
(
Anzac
-class frigate
,
Adelaide
-class frigate
,
Collins
-class submarine
,
Canberra
-class landing helicopter dock
,
Bay-class landing ship
,
Armidale
-class patrol boat
,
Huon
-class minehunter
,
HMAS
Sirius
,
Leeuwin
-class survey vessel
,
Paluma
-class motor launch
,
Young Endeavour
,
Cape-class patrol boat
)
- All ships
- Aircraft
- Naval procurement programme
- Equipment
- Craft of Opportunity Program
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Installations
| |
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Personnel
| |
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Current
operations
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History
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Other
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Former
entities
| |
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